NHỮNG CẤU TRÚC NGỮ PHÁP TƯƠNG ĐƯƠNG NGHĨA TRONG TIẾNG ANH
A)LÝ THUYẾT:
1.CẤU TRÚC VỚI THỂ NHỜ BẢO “HAVE + V / GET + TO V”: NHỜ, SAI KHIẾN AI LÀM GÌ:
|
CHỦ ĐỘNG: S + have + sb + v + st = S + get + sb + to V + st |
Ex: I have my father fix my bike ( Tôi nhờ bố sửa chiếc xe đạp của tôi)
= I get my father to fix my bike
|
BỊ ĐỘNG: S + have/get + st + V(pII) + by + sb |
Ex: I have/get my bike fixed by my father
2.CẤU TRÚC VỚI “UNLESS, IF NOT”: TRỪ KHI…NẾU KHÔNG THÌ
|
Unless + S1 + V1, S2 + V2 = If + S1 + trợ V +not + V1, S2 + V2 |
Ex: Unless he studies hard, he won’t pass the exam (Trừ khi anh ấy học hành chăm chỉ nếu không thì anh ấy sẽ không đỗ kỳ thi)
= If he doesn’t study hard, he won’t pass the exam
*LƯU Ý:
- Mệnh đề chứa Unless/If not có thể đứng trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính mà nghĩa câu không thay đổi.
- Nếu mệnh đề chứa Unless/If not đứng đầu câu thì phải có dấu “,” khi kết thúc mệnh đề.
3.CẤU TRÚC VỚI “SHOULD, HAD BETTER, OUGHT TO”: NÊN
|
S + should + V (+O) = S + had better + V (+O) = S + ought to + V (+O) |
Ex: You should brush your teeth twice a day (Bạn nên đánh răng 2 lần mỗi ngày)
= You had better brush your teeth twice a day
= You ought to brush your teeth twice a day
4. CẤU TRÚC VỚI CỤM TỪ CHỈ SỰ NHƯỢNG BỘ “IN ORDER TO”: ĐỂ
|
S + V + in order + to + V = S + V + so as to + V = S + V + to + V = S + V + with a view to + V_ing |
Ex: My sister finds a part-time work in order to help my family (Chị tôi tìm một công việc bán thời gian để giúp gia đình tôi)
= My sister finds a part-time work so as to help my family
= My sister finds a part-time work to help my family
= My sister finds a part-time work with a view to helping my family
5.CẤU TRÚC VỚI “BECAUSE, BECAUSE OF”: BỞI VÌ
|
Because + S1 + V1 + (O), S2 + V2 =Because + of + (a/an) +V1_ing/N, S + V2_ing |
Ex: Because his leg was broken, he couldn’t take part in the marathon ( Bởi vì chân của anh ấy bị gãy nên anh ấy không thể tham gia cuộc thi chạy)
= Because of his broken leg, he couldn’t take part in the marathon
*LƯU Ý:
- Có thể dùng hai cấu trúc trên với nghĩa tương đương khi và chỉ khi hai mệnh đề trong câu phải có cùng chủ ngữ hoặc chủ ngữ 1 là một danh từ
- Vế câu chứa “because/because of ” có thể đứng trước (kết thúc vế câu phải có dấu “,”) hoặc sau mệnh đề chính
6.CẤU TRÚC VỚI “SPEND, TAKE”: TIÊU TỐN, BỎ RA, DÀNH RA CÁI GÌ
|
S + spend + time/money + V_ing + st = It + take + O + time/money + to V + st |
Ex: Jenny spent 3 hours going shopping ( Jenny bỏ ra 3 giờ đồng hồ để đi mua sắm)
= It took Jenny 3 hours to go shopping
7.CẤU TRÚC VỚI “TOO, SO…THAT, NOT ENOUGH”: QUÁ ĐẾN NỖI MÀ
|
S1 + V1 + too + adj/adv + (for O) + to V2 (1) = S1 + V1 + so + adj/adv + that +S2 + can’t/couldn’t + V2 (2) = S1 + trợ V + not + adj/adv +enough +( for O) + to V2 (3) |
*LƯU Ý:
- Khi chuyển từ cấu trúc (1) hoặc (2) về cấu trúc (3) ta cần sử dụng những adj/adv mang nghĩa trái ngược với adj/adv cho trước.
8.CẤU TRÚC VỚI “REMEMBER, NOT FORGET”: NHỚ
|
S + remember + to V/V_ing = S + trợ V + not + forget + to V/V_ing |
Ex: I remember locking the door before going out this morning (Tôi nhớ đã khóa cửa trước khi ra khỏi nhà sáng nay)
= I don’t forget locking the doorbefore going out this morning
*LƯU Ý:
- Remember/Forget đi kèm với toV khi động từ diễn tả hành động chưa xảy ra trong quá khứ và đi kèm với V_ing khi động từ diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ
9.CẤU TRÚC VỚI “LET, ALLOW”: CHO PHÉP
|
S + let + O + V = S + allow + O + to + V + (by sb) |
Ex: My parents let me go on a picnic with my friends (Bố mẹ tôi cho phép tôi đi dã ngoại với bạn bè)
= My parents allow me to go on a picnic with my friends
10.CẤU TRÚC VỚI CỤM TỪ CHỈ LÝ DO “ON ACCOUNT OF”: BỞI VÌ
|
On account of + V_ing/the fact that+S+V / N + S + V = Because of + V_ing/the fact that+S+V / N + S + V = Due to + V_ing/the fact that+S+V / N + S + V =Owing to + V_ing/the fact that+S+V / N + S + V |
Ex: On account of his effort, he Peter was promoted as head officer ( Vì sự nỗ lực của anh ấy, Peter được thắng chức làm trưởng phòng)
= Because of his effort, he Peter was promoted as head officer
= Due to his effort, he Peter was promoted as head officer
= Owing to his effort, he Peter was promoted as head officer
B) BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG
I. Choose the best answer
1. _______ of an accident, I was late.
A. Due
B. Account
C. Because
D. Owing
2. Because of her bad grades, he failed the University entrance exam.
A. In spite of her bad grades, he failed the University entrance exam.
B..Owing of her bad grades, he failed the University entrance exam.
C..On account of her bad grades, he failed the University entrance exam.
D..Because her bad grades, he failed the University entrance exam.
3.You should have your eyes tested.
A.You should get your eyes be tested.
B.You should get your eyes test.
C.You should have an oculist tested your eyes.
D.You should get an oculist to test your eyes
4.Juliana’s passport was stolen a few weeks ago.
A. Juliana has her passport stolen a few weeks ago.
B. Passport was stolen by Juliana a few weeks ago.
C.Juliana had her passport stolen a few weeks ago
D. Juliana got has her passport steal a few weeks ago
5.I remember to have a Maths test tomorrow
- I don't forget to have a Maths test tomorrow.
- I forget to have a Maths test tomorrow.
- I forgot to have a Maths test tomorrow.
- I don't forget to having a Maths test tomorrow.
6. He told me: “Don’t forget to come here on time tomorrow”.
- He reminded me to come there on time tomorrow.
- He reminded me coming there on time tomorrow.
- He reminded me to come there on time the next day.
- He reminded me to come there on time the previous day.
7. She said to all of us: “Remember to submit the report by this Thursday”.
- She reminded all of us to submit the report by that Thursday.
- She remindes all of us to submit the report by that Thursday.
- She reminded all of us submitting the report by that Thursday.
- She reminded all of us to submit the report by this Thursday.
8.Charles has gone out with a view ________the paper.21
A.get
B.to getting
C.to get
D.getting
9.Vincent went to Madrid in order to _______furniture.
A.buy
B.buying
C.have bought
D.bought
*KEY:
|
1C |
2C |
3D |
4C |
5A |
6C |
7A |
8B |
9A |
II. Should or Had better?
1.You have got a toothache. Perhaps you ….. see a dentist.
2.I have an appoiment in 10 minutes. I……………. go now or I will be late.
3.When people are driving, they ……………. keep their eyes on the road.
4.You …… take care of that cut on your hand soon, or it will get infected.
5.These biscuits are delicous. You……………. try one.
6.I think everybody ………………… learn foreign language.
7.It’s dark here. You ……………… take a taxi to go home.
8.We…………………. leave as soon as possible.
9.John is expecting you phone him. You ……………….. phone him.
10.We ………………stop for petrol soon. The tank is almost emty.
*KEY:1.should 2.had better 3.had better 4.had better 5.should
6.should 7.Had better 8.should 9.Had better 10.Had better
III. Rewrite the following sentences that keep the same meaning
1.I only come if they invite me
=>Unless ................................................
2.Leave me alone or I’ll call the police
=>Unless ................................................
3.If he does not hurry,he will be late
=>Unless ................................................
4.Unless you wash your car,you may not drive it at the weekend.
=> If ................................................
5.Unless I had walked in the rain last week, I would not have caught a fever.
=>If ................................................
6. Because Hoa was rich, she could buy that house.
=> Because of ................................................
7. Because the rain was so heavy, I couldn't go to school.
=> Because of ................................................
8. His father asked him to go stay at home because he was sick.
=> Because of................................................
9. Because there was an accident, I was late.
=> Because of ................................................
10. She failed the University entrance exam because her grades were bad.
=> Because of ................................................
11. I walk to school in 20 minutes everyday.
=>It ................................................
=>I ................................................
12. last week , she spent 2 days tidying her room.
=>It ................................................
13. They used to go to school in half an hour .
=>It ................................................
=>They ................................................
14. We often spend 30 minutes reviewing our lesson before class.
=>It ................................................
15. It took him twelve hours to fly from Hanoi to London.
=>He ................................................
*KEY:
- Unless they invite me,I won’t come.
- Unless you leave me alone,I’ll call the police .
- Unless he hurries,he wwill be late .
- If you don’t wash your car,you may not drive it at the weekend.
- If I had not walked in the rain last week, I would not have caught a fever.
- Because of Hoa’s richness, she could buy that house.
- Because of the heavy rain, I couldn't go to school.
- Becauseof his sickness his father asked him to go stay at home.
- Because of an accident, I was late.
- She failed the University entrance exam because of her bad grades .
- It takes me 20 minutes to walk to school everyday.
I spend 20 minutes walking to school everyday.
- It took her days to tidy her room last week.
- It took them half an hour to go to school.
They spent half an hour going to school.
- It takes us 30 minutes to review our lesson before class.
- He spent twelve hours flying from Hanoi to London.
IV. Use the words in brackets to complete the sentences
1.They are(have/dug)…..................the pond in the garden.
2 I lost my keyI'll have to….................. (another key/make).
3.Where did you….................. (your car/service)?
4. ….................. (you/a newspaper/deiver) to your house every day or do you go out and buy one?
5. A: Where are those workmen doing in your garden?
B: Oh, we….................. (a garage/build).
6. A: Can I see the photographs you took when you were on holiday.
B: I'm afraid I ….................. (not/the film/ develop) yet.
7. I got my elder brother(do) …..................my Math exercises yesterday
8. I’m going to (have/install) ….................. a lift in my apartment next month.
9. A: I heard your computer wasn't working.
B: That's right but it's OK, I ….................. (it /repair).
10.Did you hear about Pete? He ….................. (his car/vandalise).
*KEY:
1.having/getting the pond dug
2. Another key made
3. Have/get your car serviced
4. Do you have a newspaper delivered
5. Are having a garage built
6. Have had the film developed
7. Do
8. Have a lift installed
9. have had it repaired/ had it repaired
10. He had his car vandalised
V. Rewrite the following sentences that keep the same meaning
1.My parents don’t let me go out at night =>_______________________________(allow)
2. My mother doesn't allow me to smoke. =>_______________________________(let)
3. He let me use his car for a week
=> ____________________________(allow)
4.He has never let her look down on him =>She____________________________(allow)
5.They allow us to stay indoors while they are testing the weapon =>We___________________________(passive,let)
6.Hoa could buy that house because of her richness, .
=>_______________________________________(Due)
7.Because of the heavy rain, I couldn't go to school.
=>______________________________________( Account)
8.Because of his sickness his father asked him to go stay at home.
=>_______________________________________(Owing)
9. He opened the window.He wanted to let fresh air in.
=>________________________________________________(As)
10. I took my camera.I wanted to take some photos.
=>________________________________________________(So)
11. Jason learns Chinese.His aim is to work in China.
=>________________________________________________(Order)
12. Many people left Turkey in 1960s.They wanted to find jobs in Germany.
=>________________________________________________(View)
Key:
1.My parents don’t allow me to go out at night.
2. My mother doesn't let me smoke.
3. Heallow me to use his car for a week.
4.He has never allowed her look down on him.
5.We are let stay indoors while they are testing the weapon.
6. Hoa could buy that house due to her richness
7. On account of the heavy rain, I couldn't go to school
8. Owing to his sickness his father asked him to go stay at home
9. He opened the window so as to let fresh air in.
10. I took my camera so as to take some photos.
11. Jason learns Chinese in order to work in China.
12. Many people left Turkey in 1960swith a view to finding jobs in Germany.
