TỪ ĐỒNG NGHĨA
A.Từ đồng nghĩa trong đề thi THPT QG
- Từ đồng nghĩa là những từ có nghĩa giống nhau hoặc gần giống nhau
- Trong đề thi THPT QG môn tiếng Anh năm 2018, có khoảng 6-7 câu trắc nghiệm về từ đồng nghĩa, chiếm 1,2-1,4 điểm (2 câu ở bài đọc hiểu 7 câu, 2 câu ở bài đọc hiểu 8 câu, 2 câu lẻ trong bài tìm từ đồng nghĩa). Bởi vậy, đây là một phần kiến thức khá quan trọng.
B. Phương pháp làm bài về từ đồng nghĩa
Trước hết, ta xét 2 câu hỏi về đồng nghĩa trích trong đề THPT QG 2018, mã đề 408:
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Nếu có hiểu nghĩa, ta dễ nhận ra đáp án câu 7 là D.popularity (sự phổ biến, tính đại chúng) và đáp án câu 8 sẽ là D.polluted (ô nhiễm).
Tuy nhiên, từ vựng Tiếng Anh là bao la và sẽ có những lúc chúng ta gặp bối rối trước những từ lạ lẫm, mới mẻ. Bởi vậy, điều quan trọng nhất để làm tốt bài tập về từ đồng nghĩa chính là dựa vào bối cảnh của cả câu để đoán nghĩa của từ đã cho.
Trong 2 ví dụ trên, ta cần dịch sơ lược cả câu để nắm được nội dung, sau đó tìm mối liên kết giữa chúng để đoán ra nghĩa từ cần tìm.
- Câu 7 (Tạm dịch): Có sự gia tăng về tỷ lệ phổ biến của sách điện tử là bởi ngày càng nhiều người chuyển sang sử dụng tài liệu đọc sách kĩ thuật số
Đáp án A. (n): sự khan hiếm
Đáp án B. (n): sức mạnh, sự mãnh liệt
Đáp án C. (n): sự thiếu hụt, thiếu sót
Đáp án D. (n): sự phổ biến, thịnh hành
Như vậy, đáp án gần nghĩa nhất là D
- Câu 8 (Tạm dịch): Bị ô nhiễm nặng nề cùng với các chất thải từ những nhà máy gần đây đã khiến nguồn nước của con sông này không phù hợp với sinh hoạt hàng ngày.
Đáp án A. (adj): thuộc sự chết choc
Đáp án B: (adj): nguyên chất, tinh khiết
Đáp án C. (adj): sạch sẽ
Đáp án D. (adj): bị ô nhiễm, ô uế
Như vậy, đáp án D là gần nghĩa nhất
- Ta không những cần biết nghĩa của từ đã cho trong câu hỏi, mà còn phải hiểu được các đáp án để tìm được câu trả lời phù hợp nhất.
Tổng kết lại, ta có các mẹo để làm tốt bài tập về từ đồng nghĩa:
- Điều quan trọng nhất là phải trau dồi vốn từ phong phú
- Dịch sơ lược cả câu để nắm được nội dung (ít nhất là 50-60%). Trong bài đọc hiểu, đôi khi ta phải đọc cả đoạn văn hoặc những câu xung quanh.
- Dựa vào bối cảnh để đoán nghĩa
- Hiểu được đáp án để chọn câu trả lời phù hợp nhất
Một số từ điển hữu dụng để tra cứu: TFlat, Soha, Cambridge….
C. Bài tập trắc nghiệm
Câu 1: The more I learned about the world, the more I craved to leave
A.considered B.excited C.imagined D.desired
Câu 2: Such problems as haste and inexperience are a universal feature of youth
A.separated B.hidden C.marked D.shared
Câu 3: The painting “Mona Lisa” was a masterpiece by Leonardo da Vinci
A.a large work of art B. an excellent work of art
C.a down-to-earth work of art D. an expensive work of art
Câu 4: Mai is a positive person, she always looking on the bright side of everything
A.introvert B.active C. optimistic D.pessimistic
Câu 5: When people are angry, they seldom act in a rational way
A.stupid B.polite C.intelligent D.reasonable
Câu 6: I take my hat off to all the scientists working and researching to find the new vaccine.
A.respect B.detest C.courage D. dislike
Câu 7: The terrorist gave himself up to the authorities
A.catch up B.surrendered C.confided himself D.handed in
Câu 8: With the dawn of technology and science, human can explore the world and the universal esier and esier
A.expansion B.development C.beginning D.outstanding
Câu 9: My dad is a farmer. He works all day long so his hands are horny
A.strong B.soft C.big D.tough
Câu 10: Even though the mountain was very steep and the climb was hazardous, several adventurous tourists managed to reach the top
A.causing a lot of risks B. bringing excitement
C. resulting in depression D. costing a lot of money
Câu 11: The overall aim of the book is to help bridge the gap between theory and practice, particularly in language teaching.
A. increase the understanding B. reduce the differences
C. minimise the limitations D. construct a bridge
Câu 12: A number of programs have been initiated to provide food and shelter for the underprivileged in the remote areas of the country.
A. rich citizens B. active members C. poor inhabitants D. enthusiastic people
Câu 13: I am starving. I haven’t eat anything since my mom out
A. quite happy B. very hungry C. rather full D. extremely thirsty
Câu 14: Lan: “Hey, did your exam go well?”
Hoa: “No. I couldn’t do most of the questions because they are very tough”
A.difficult B.easy C.interesting D.unimportant
Câu 15: Trang and her mother look similar
A.different B.stange C.alike D.same
Câu 16: Thanks to highly sophisticated technology, scientists have made many important discoveries in many fields
A.confusing B.advanced C.accessible D.effective
Câu 17: Shyness, the most common form of social anxiety, occurs when a person’s apprehensions are so great that they inhibit his making an expected or desired social response
A.defer B.trigger C.discharge D.restrain
Câu 18: Tens of thousands of earthquakes happen every year. The vast majority are so small that only scientific instruments can perceive them
A.prevent B. detect C.locate D.comprehend
Câu 19: If you want to buy a new phone, you should tighten your belt to save money
A.economize B.sell the belt C.buy a belt D.change a belt
Câu 20: Bone and ivory are light, strong and accessible materials for Inuit artists
A.beautiful B.natural C.available D.economic
Câu 21: Mary grew up in a well-off family so she can’t understand the problem we are facing
A.poor B.kind C.generous D.wealthy
Câu 22: The works of such men as the English philosophers John Locke and Thomas Hobbes helped pave the way for academic freedom in the modern sense.
A. initiate B. lighten C. terminate D. prevent
Câu 23: Snow forced many drivers to abandon their vehicles.
A. stop B.leave C. sell D. hide
Câu 24: If minor disputes are left unsettled, tough ones will accumulate sooner or later
A. decline in volume B.decrease in number
C. increase in number D. improve in quality
Câu 25: Have you ever read about a famous general in Chinese history who was very incredulous?
A. incredible B. unimaginable C. excellent D. skeptical
Câu 26: Although they hold similar political views, their religious beliefs present a striking constrast
A. interesting resemblance B. complete coincidence
C. significant difference D. minor comparison
Câu 27: Those children who stay longer hours at school than at home tend to spend their formative years in the company of others with similar aims and interests.
A. being together with friends B. forming a new business company
C. being separated from peers D. enjoying the care of parents
Câu 28: “It’s no use talking to me about metaphysics. It’s a closed book to me.”
A. an object that I really love B. a subject that I don’t understand
C. a book that is never opened D. a theme that I like to discuss
Câu 29: Environmentalists appeal to the government to enact laws to stop factories from discharging toxic chemicals into the sea.
A. releasing B. producing C. obtaining D. dismissing
Câu 30: In the 20th century, drug markedly improved health throughout the world
A.supposedly B.recently C.noticeably D.consistenly
Đáp án:
|
1 |
D |
7 |
B |
13 |
B |
19 |
A |
25 |
D |
|
2 |
D |
8 |
C |
14 |
A |
20 |
C |
26 |
C |
|
3 |
B |
9 |
D |
15 |
C |
21 |
D |
27 |
A |
|
4 |
C |
10 |
A |
16 |
B |
22 |
A |
28 |
B |
|
5 |
D |
11 |
B |
17 |
D |
23 |
B |
29 |
A |
|
6 |
A |
12 |
C |
18 |
B |
24 |
C |
30 |
C |
D. Bài tập từ đồng nghĩa trong bài đọc hiểu
Bài 1 (Đề thi 2015):
…Ocean ecosystems, especially fragile ones like coral reefs, will also be affected by global warming. Warmer ocean temperatures can cause coral to “bleach”, a state which if prolonged will lead to the death of the coral. Scientists estimate that even 1 Celsius degree of additional warming could lead to widespread bleaching and death of coral reefs around the world….
Câu hỏi 1: The word “fragile” in paragraph 4 most probably means: .
A.very large B.easily damaged
C.rather strong D. pretty hard
Bài 2: (Đề thi 2018)
…Eunoto lasts for many days and Masai people travel across the region to get to a special place near the border between Kenya and Tanzania. The teenage boys who travel with them are called “warriors”. This is a traditional name from the past when young men fought whith other tribes…. The teenagers also have to alter their appearance at Eunoto. Masai boys’ hair is very long before the ritual but they have to cut it off. In Masai culture, hair is an important symbol….
Câu hỏi 2: The word “warriors” in paragraph 2 mostly means__________
A. fighters B. travellers C. dancers D. musicians
Câu hỏi 3: The word “alter” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _________.
A. distinguish B. differ C. maintain D. change
Bài 3:
….The civil war broke out 6 years later. Immediately, Barton started war service by helping the soldiers with their needs. At the battle of Bull run, Clara Barton received permission from the government to take care of the sick and hurt. Barton did this with great empathy and kindness. She acknowledged each soldier as a person . Her endurance and courage on the battlefield were admired by many. When the war ended in 1865, she used 4 years of her life to assist the government in searching for soldiers who were missing during the war…
Câu hỏi 4: The phrase broke out in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______
A. extended B. broken down C. closed D. began
Câu hỏi 5: The word acknowledged in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by ________
A. nursed B. recognized C. pleaded D. believed
Bài 4: (Đề thi 2017)
…The idea of giving lost teeth to an angel or fairy is also a tradition in the West. Many children in Western countries count on the Tooth Fairy to leave money or presents in exchange for a tooth. The exact origins of the Tooth Fairy are a mystery, although the story probably began in England or Ireland centuries ago. According to tradition, a child puts a lost tooth under his or her pillow before going to bed. In the wee hours, while the child is sleeping, the Tooth Fairy takes the tooth and leaves something else under the pillow. In France, the Tooth Fairy leaves a small gift. In the United States, however, the Tooth Fairy usually leaves money. These days, the rate is $1 to $5 per tooth, adding up to a lot of money from the Tooth Fairy.
Câu hỏi 6: The word origins is closest in meaning to_________
A.coutries B.families C.beginnings D.stories
Câu hỏi 7: The phrase “the wee hours” probably refers to the period of time_______
A.early in the evening B.soon after midnight
C.late in the morning D. long before bedtime
Bài 5: (Đề thi 2017)
…Some fans who could translate Japanese into their own language started translating manga themselves. Then they scanned the pages of manga books and uploaded the scanned pages to the Internet with their translation. This practice has become so popular. People in the comic book industry made up a name for it. By combining the words scan and translation, they call it "scanlation", and it is a big problem today. The people who do scanlation usually share their manga for free, so readers do not buy manga books. Writers, artists, and publishers all end up losing money because of scanlation. Another problem is piracy in the comic book industry. Illegal copies of old and brand new comics alike have been hurting comic book sales…
Câu hỏi 8: According to paragraph 2, the practice of "scanlation" mostly involves ______.
A. selling translated manga books
B. scanning and translating manga books
C. scanning uploaded manga books
D. translating uploaded manga books
Câu hỏi 9: The word "piracy" in paragraph 2 probably means the act of ______.
A. controlling the production of a book
B. hurting the sale of illegal comic books
C. copying and using a book illegally
D. advertising a book without permission
Bài 6: (Đề thi 2018)
…Henry is the undisputed star of Dronfield School near Sheffield. Whatever the achievements of other members of the comprehensive school, it is Henry, with his soulful eyes and glossy hair, who has hogged the limelight, appearing on television in Britain and abroad. Yet despite all the public adulation, Henry stirs up no envy or resentment among 2000 students – in fact, they all adore him. The dog, who first arrived six months ago, is a super dog, who has improved students’ behaviour and encouraged more students to focus on their academic achievement….
Câu hỏi 10 : The word “adulation” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _________.
A. excessive admiration B. deserved attention
C. considerable controversy D. unrealistic expectation
Đáp án: 1-B, 2-A, 3-D, 4-D, 5-B, 6-C, 7-B, 8-B, 9-C, 10-A
