Unit 10- Tiếng Anh lớp 11, Prepositions in relative Clauses Giới từ đi với MĐQH

UNIT 10. NATURE IN DANGER

Lesson 3. Grammar

PREPOSITION IN RELATIVE CLAUSE.

Giới từ đi với MĐQH

1. Chỉ có hai đại từ quan hệ là Whom và which thường có giới từ đi kèm và giới từ có thể đứng trước các đại từ quan hệ hoặc cuối mệnh đề quan hệ.

Eg1. The man about whom you are talking is my brother.

The man (whom) you are talking about is my brother.

Eg2. The picture at which you are looking is very expensive.

The picture (which) you are looking at is very expensive.

Chú ý.

-Khi giới từ đứng cuối mệnh đề quan hệ thì ta có thể bỏ ĐTQH và có thể dùng that thay cho whom và which trong MĐQH xác định.

-Khi giới từ đứng trước thì ta không thể bỏ ĐTQH và không thể dùng that thay cho whom và which.

2. Chú ý cách dùng của các cấu trúc mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ. all, most, none, neither, any, either, some, (a)few, both, half, each, one, two, several, many, much, + of which/whom

Daisy has three brothers, all of whom are teachers.

I tried on three pairs of shoes, none of which fitted me.

He asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn’t answer.

Two boys, neither of whom I had seen before, came into my class.

They have got two cars, one of which they seldom use.

There were a lot of people at the meeting, few of whom I had met before.

EXERCISE

Exercise 1. Join the sentence halvesusing which or whom after an appropriate preposition.

the furniture is to be delivered.

you should be aware.

I had great respect.

I look up.

most world trade was conducted.

the printer was supplied.

she was divorced in 1995.

it was named.

we went on holiday.

it was primarily written.

2. My English teacher, Mrs. Brookes, was someone...............
3. Until 1914 the pound sterling was the currency.............
4. They have changed the date.........
5. Pasteurisation was discovered by the French chemist Louis Pasteur,........
6. There are a number of safety procedures.....................
7. Details are in the instruction manual.........................
8. Ms. Peters was left the money by her former husband...........
9. She is one of the few people...............................
10. This is a photograph of our friends...........................
11. The book is enjoyed by adults as well as children.............

Exercise 2. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c, or d - that best completes the sentence.

1. The environmentalists hope ______ the forest to its former condition.

2. Several cars ______ owners had parked them under the trees, were damaged.

A. their                                      B. of which                              C. whom        D. Whose

3. My English teacher, Mrs Brookes, was someone ___ I had great respect.

A. that                                       B. whom                                   C. for who                                D. for whom

3. If coastal erosion continues to take place at the present rate, in another fifty years this beach

_____ anymore.

A. doesn't exist

B. isn't going to exist

C. isn’t existing

D won't be existing

5. She joined the local tennis club, ______ were at least 60

A. most of its members                                                B. most whose members

C. most of whose members                                                   D. most members

6. Since 1950 the world ______ nearly one-fifth of the top soil from its agricultural land and one-fifth of its tropical forests.

A. was losing                         B. is losing                              C. had been lost        D. has lost

7. A lack of cross-cultural awareness can result in misinterpretation, _____

8. So thick and rich ______ of Illimois that early settlers there were unable to force a plow through it.

A. as the soil                           B. the soil was                        C. was the soil                       D. the soil

9. Fleming's discovery of penicillin, ______, had a major influence on the lives of people in the 20th century.

Exercise 3. Complete each of the sentences with an appropriate preposition.

1. A number of rare animals are now in danger …. extinction.
2. If people's interference …. the environment decreases, more species will survive and produce off-spring.
3. The government should do more to protect rare animals…..being extinct.
4. She believes there is life….  other planets.

KEY

Exercise 1. Join the sentence halvesusing which or whom after an appropriate preposition.

the furniture is to be delivered.

you should be aware.

I had great respect.

I look up.

most world trade was conducted.

the printer was supplied.

she was divorced in 1995.

it was named.

we went on holiday.

it was primarily written.

1. My English teacher, Mrs Brookes, was someone for whom I had great respect.
2. Until 1914 the pound sterling was the currency in/ with which most world trade was conducted.
3. They have changed the date on/ by which the furniture is to be delivered.
4. Pasteurisation was discovered by the French chemist Louis Pasteur, after whom it was named.
5. There are a number of safety procedures of which you should be aware.
6. Details are in the instruction manual with which the printer was supplied.
7. Ms. Peters was left the money by her former husband, from whom she was divorced in 1995.
8. She is one of the few people to whom I look up.
9. This is a photograph of our friends with whom we went on holiday.
10. The book is enjoyed by adults as well as children, for whom it was primarily written.

Exercise 2. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c, or d - that best completes the sentence.

A. their                                      B. of which                              C. whom

D. Whose

3. My English teacher, Mrs Brookes, was someone... I had great respect

A. that                                       B. whom                                   C. for who                                D. for whom

4. If coastal erosion continues to take place at the present rate, in another fifty years this beach......

anymore.

A. doesn't exist

B. isn't going to exist

C. isn’t existing

D. won't be existing

5. She joined the local tennis club,...... were at least 60.

A. most of its members

B. most whose members

C. most of whose members                                                 D. most members

6. Since 1950 the world...... nearly one-fifth of the top soil from its agricultural land and one-fifth of its tropical forests.

9. Fleming's discovery of penicillin,......, had a major influence on the lives of people in the 20th century.

A. awarded the Nobel Prize

B. which awarded the Nobel Prize

C. that he was awarded the Nobel Prize for

D. for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize

10....... think of metallurgy as a modern field of science, but it is actually one of the oldest.

A. Although many people

B. Many people

C. Many people who

D. That many people

Exercise 3. Complete each of the sentences with an appropriate preposition.

1. A number of rare animals are now in danger of extinction. If
2. If people's interference in the environment decreases, more species will survive and produce off-spring.
3. The government should do more to protect rare animals from being extinct.
4. She believes there is life on other planets.

5. The EU has imposed a ban on the import of seal skins.
6. People are destroying the air by adding pollutants to it.
7. Human beings are responsible for the changes in the environment.
8. They are changing weather conditions by cutting down trees in the forests.
9. National parks should be set up to save animals and plants.
10. Raw sewage was discharged from the treatment plant directly into the river.

Exercise 4. Combine the,following pairs or groups of sentences by means of relative pronouns, making any changes necessary.

1. Her many friends gave her encouragement. I like to be considered among them. Her many friends, among whom I like to be considered, gave her encouragement.
2. Her father died last year. She looked after him for over twenty years.

Her father, who she looked after for over twenty years, died last year.

3. The bed has no mattress. I sleep on this bed.

The bed (which/that) I sleep on has no mattress./ The bed on which I sleep has no mattress

4. There wasn't any directory in the telephone box. I was phoning from this box. There wasn't any directory in the telephone box, (which/that) I was phoning from.
5. I was sitting on a chair. It suddenly collapsed.

The chair (which/that) I was sitting on suddenly collapsed./ The chair on which I was sitting suddenly collapsed.

6. Mr Smith said he was too busy to speak to me. I had come specially to see him. Mr Smith, whom I had come specially to see, was too busy to speak to me.
7. I saw several houses. Most of them were quite unsuitable

I saw several houses, most of which were quite unsuitable.

8. Graham took us to his office. It was filled with books.

The office (that/which) Graham took us to was filled with books.

9. Mr Marks is unhappy about the plans for the new dam. The stream flows across his farm.

Mr Marks, whose farm the stream flows across, is unhappy about the plans for the new dam./Mr Marks, across whose farm the stream flows,…

10. They picked up five boat-loads of refugees. Some of them had been at sea for several months. They picked up five boat-loads of refugees, some of which had been at sea for several months.
11. Tom came to the party in patched jeans. This surprised the other guests. Most of the other guests were wearing evening dress.

Tom came to the party in patched jeans, which surprised the other guests, most of whom were wearing evening dress.

12. The people didn't know French. He was speaking to these people.