Lời nói gián tiếp ( Indirect Reported Speech)

CHAPTER 12 : Lời nói gián tiếp
( Indirect Reported Speech)
1. Các nguyên tắc khi viết câu lại câu tường thuật gián tiếp. 1.1 Quy tắc lùi thì : 1.1.1 Với động từ thường:

Chú ý :
-Có thể sử dụng dạng hoàn thành với have +Vpp ở sau động từ modal verb, đặc biệt là khi thuật lại
những sự việc đã xảy ra trong quá khứ.
 The noise might be the postman delivering letters.
He said the noise might have been the postman delivering letters.
 I’ll help you if you need a volunteer .
He said he would have helped if I need a volunteer.
-Used to và ought to không thay đổi với câu tường thuật gián tiếp:
 I used to live in Oxford
She said that she used to live in Oxford.
 You ought to leave immediately.
The guard warned us that we ought to leave immediately. 1.1.3 Những trường hợp không lùi thì :
-Chúng ta không cần thiết phải lùi thì khi những điều mà người nói luôn đúng hoặc chưa hề xảy ra.
-Ví dụ như khi một người nào đó nói về tương lai hoặc khi họ sử dụng các thì hiện tại, hiện tại tiếp
diễn hoặc hiện tại hoàn thành trong câu nói gốc của họ.
 He told me his brother works for an Italian company.
(It is still true that his brother works for an Italian company.)
 She said she’s getting married next year.
(For the speakers, the time at the moment of speaking is ‘this year’.)
 He said he’s finished painting the door.
(He probably said it just a short time ago.)
 She promised she’ll help us.
(The promise applies to the future.) 1.2 Thay đổi đại từ trong câu:
Sự thay đổi trạng từ trong câu nói gián tiếp phụ thuộc vào việc liệu người thuật lại và người nói trực
tiếp có phải là 1 hay không.

Example:
 I said, ‘I’ll meet you here tomorrow.’
I told her I would meet her there the following day.
 She said, ‘I do not wish to discuss it at this moment.’
She said she didn’t wish to discuss it at that moment.
 He said, “I want it now.”
He said he wanted it then.
 ‘I finished the job three weeks ago,’ the boy protested.
The boy protested to finished the job three weeks before.
Lời nói gián tiếp (Reported speech) tập trung vào nội dung được kể lại. Tùy thuộc vào nội dung này
mà câu nói gián tiếp có thể có 1 trong 3 dạng sau :

2. Các dạng câu gián tiếp : 2.1 Câu hỏi Yes/No và câu có từ để hỏi:
Câu gián tiếp với câu hỏi Yes/No  If/whether (liệu)
 Are you Scottish?
She asked if I was Scottish.
 Do you want a table near the window?
The waiter asked whether I wanted a table near the window.
 Did you come by train or by bus?
He asked me if I had come by train or by bus. 2.2 Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi WH- (who, what, when, where, why, how…)
 What do you want?
He asked me what I wanted.
 Who did you invite to the party?
She wanted to know who I had invited to the party.
Who came to meet you at the air port?
I asked them who had come to meet them at the airport.
 What will the repairs cost?
He wondered what the repairs would cost.
 How do you want to do the activity?
The teacher asked them how I wanted to do the activity.
2.3 Câu gián tiếp có chứa động từ dạng mệnh lệnh
-Động từ trong câu gián tiếp chuyển về nguyên thể (to Vinf)
 Advance!
The General ordered the troops to advance.
 Sit down and stop interrupting!
The chairperson told him to sit down and stop interupting.
-Các động từ với nghĩa khuyên bảo, khiến ai đó làm gì cũng sử dụng to Vinf ở câu gián tiếp
 You should wait till the following day.
They advised me to wait till the following day.
You must not enter the area.
The guard warned us not to enter the area. Ví dụ 1: I asked him whose car_____ the previous night.
A. he had borrowed B. had he borrowed.
C. he borrowed D. did he borrow Ví dụ 2: He asked the children too much noise.
A. not to make B. not making
C. don't make D. if they don't make Ví dụ 3: Peter said that if he _______rich he_____a lot.
A. is - will travel B. were - would travel
C. had been - would have traveled D. was - will travel Ví dụ 4: They asked me________ in London then.
A. is my brother working B. if my brother is working
C. was my brother working D. if my brother was working Ví dụ 5: The scientist said the Earth ________the Sun.
A. goes around B. is going around
C. had gone around D. was going around Exercise 1:Choose the correct option to complete each of the following sentences. 1. Laura said that when she ________ to school she saw an accident.
A. was walking B. has walked
C. had been walking D. has been walking
2. He promises______so often.
A. not losing his temper B. not to lose my temper
C. won’t lose my temper D. not to lose his temper
3. Tom said that he ________with a friend at 9 o'clock the night before.
A. is staying B. was staying
C. has been staying D. had been staying
4. Grandad invited ______another piece of apple pie.
A. Laura to have B. Laura having
C. Laura have D. Laura has
5. Joanna asked Sam where _________.
A. I shall park my car B. shall he park his car
C. he would park his car D. would he park his car
6. Charlotte apologized ___________me the day before.
A. for not having phoned B. for not to phone
C. not phone D. not phoning
7. My parents reminded me ___________ the flowers.
A. remember to plant B. to not forget to plant
C. to plant D. of planting
8. The woman asked ___________get lunch at school.
A. can the children B. whether the children could
C if the children can D. could the children
9. He suggested his friend ____________the new restaurant that night.
A. try B. tried C. tries D. to try
10. They said they had come back _________.
A. yesterday afternoon B. the day before
C. last week D. the day before yesterday