NHỮNG CẤU TRÚC NGỮ PHÁP TƯƠNG ĐƯƠNG NGHĨA TRONG TIẾNG ANH (Phần 1)

A. LÝ THUYẾT

  1. CẤU TRÚC VỚI “PREFER – WOULD PREFER – WOULD RATHER” : MUỐN/THÍCH LÀM GÌ ... HƠN LÀM GÌ…

    EX:   I prefer learning English to watching films.
        => I would rather learn English than watch films.
        => I would prefer to learn English than watch films.

*Lưu ý:
    ■ “would rather/ would prefer” thường được viết tắt là : ‘d rather/ ‘d prefer.
    ■ Nếu muốn viết câu ở dạng phủ định thì “not” phải đặt trước V_ing/V_inf.
    ■ Đặc biệt lưu ý với cấu trúc “would rather”: ( muốn/ thích làm gì):
      - Cấu trúc với “would rather” khi trong câu có MỘT chủ ngữ:

    => Cũng cần phân biệt:
    ►I would rather visit your family.
    => muốn thăm nhưng chưa thăm.
    ►I would rather have come to your party, but I was busy.
    => muốn đến bữa tiệc nhưng đã không đến.

      - Cấu trúc với “would rather” khi trong câu có HAI chủ ngữ:

► đặc biệt lưu ý S2 là chủ ngữ chứ KHÔNG phải tân ngữ.
    Trong đó:

    EX: I would rather you come to my birthday party next weekend.
           I would rather you had lunch with me on 11.am.
           I would rather you had visit me last year in Singapore, we hadn’t meet for a long time.

  2. CẤU TRÚC VỚI “LAST” :  LẦN CUỐI CÙNG LÀM GÌ....

EX: I last saw her 2 years ago.
     = It’s 2 years since I last saw her.
     = I haven’t seen her for 2 years.
     = The last time I saw her was 2 years ago.
     (Lần cuối cùng tôi thấy cô ấy là 2 năm trước.)

3. CẤU TRÚC VỚI “BE ONE’S DUTY TO V_INF”:  TRÁCH NHIỆM CỦA AI

    EX: It’s our duty to protect the environment.
     = We are supposed to protect the environment.

4. CẤU TRÚC VỚI “DECIDE”: QUYẾT ĐỊNH LÀM GÌ

EX: JB has decided not to give up.
          = JB has made up his mind not to give up.

  5. CẤU TRÚC MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ NHƯỢNG BỘ VỚI “ALTHOUGH”: MẶC DÙ... NHƯNG...

    EX: Although the final exam was difficult, all the students finished it.
     = In spite of the difficult final exam, all the students finished it.
     = Despite the difficult fianl exam, all the students finished it.
     = However difficult the final exam was, all the students finished it.
     = No matter how difficult the final exam was, all the students finished it.
     = Difficult as/though the fianl exam was, all the students finished it.

6. CẤU TRÚC VỚI “SHALL”: LỜI MỜI/ GỢI Ý

    EX: Shall we have lunch at RV restaurant?
     = Let’s have lunch at RV restaurant.
     = What/ How about having lunch at RV restaurant?
     = Why don’t we have luch at RV restaurant?

  7. CẤU TRÚC VỚI “WHAT- HOW”: KHEN NGỢI/ CẢM THÁN

EX: What a beautiful bride in white!
     = How beautiful a bride in white!

  8. CẤU TRÚC ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI “HARDLY...WHEN/BEFORE...”: VỪA MỚI... THÌ

EX: Hardly had JB come to the party when/before all people left.
     = Scarcely had JB come to the party when/before all people left.
     = Barely had JB come to the party when/before all people left.
     = No sooner had JB come to the party tha all people left.

9. CẤU TRÚC VỚI “ON THE POINT OF”: CHUẨN BỊ LÀM GÌ

    EX: I was on the point of going out, but it suddenly rained.
     = I was about to go out, but it suddenly rained.

10. CẤU TRÚC “BE USED TO”: THÓI QUEN

    EX: I am used to going to school on foot.
     = I get used to going to school on foot.

B. BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG

  Câu 1: I haven’t met my grandparents for five years.

    A. I last met my grandparents five years ago.

    B. I have met my grandparents for five years.

    C. I often met my grandparents five years ago.

    D. I didn’t meet my grandparents five years ago.

  Câu 2: Invitations were sent out as soon as the date of the conference was chosen.      
    A. Before sending out invitations, the date of the conference was chosen.
    B. Choose the date of the conference before sending out invitations.
    C. Hardly had the date of the conference been chosen when invitations were sent out.
    D. After choosing the date of the conference, invitations were sent out.

  Câu 3: Although she was very old, she looked very grateful.          

    A. In spite of very old, she looked very grateful.

    B. Despite she was very old, she looked very grateful.
    C. Despite her old age, she looked very grateful
    D. In spite her being old, she looked very grateful

  Câu 4: I would rather you wore something more formal to work.

    A. I’d prefer you wearing something more formal to work.

    B. I’d prefer you to wear something more formal to work.

    C. I’d prefer you should wear something more formal to work.

    D. I’d prefer you wear something more formal to work.

  Câu 5: The last time I saw Rose was three years ago.

    A. I haven’t seen Rose since three years.

    B. I haven’t seen Rose since three years ago.

    C. I didn’t see Rose for three years.

    D. I haven’t seen Rose for three years.

  Câu 6: No matter how hard Fred tried to lose weight, he did not succeed.          

    A. However hard Fred tried, he could not lose weight.

    B. Fred tried very hard to lose weight and succeeded.

    C. It was hard for Fred to lose weight because he never succeeded.

    D. It did not matter whether Fred could lose weight.

  Câu 7: I don’t find it difficult to get up early in the morning.

    A. It’s difficult for me to get up early in the morning.

    B. I hate getting up early in the morning.

    C. I used to get up early in the morning.

    D. I’m used to getting up early in the morning

  Câu 8: I haven't played football since 2000

    A. The last time I played football was in 2000

    B. I haven't played football for 2000

    C. The first time I played football was in 2000

    D. The last time I played football was on 2000

  Câu 9: I was just on the point of going out the door when the phone rang.

    A. I was about to go out the door when the phone rang.

    B. I was about going out the door when the phone rang.

    C. I was to go out the door when the phone rang.

    D. I was about to going out the door when the phone rang.

  Câu 10: It is your duty to clean the house

    A. You are supposed to cleaning the house.

    B. You are supposed  cleaning the house.

    C. You are supposed to clean the house.

    D. You are supposed to be clean the house.

  Câu 11: He was exhausted after a long trip. However, he helped me to repair my broken chair.

    A. Although he helped me to repair my broken chair, he was exhausted after a long trip.

    B. Exhausted after a long trip as he was, he helped me to repair my broken chair.

    C. Because he helped me to repair my broken chair after a long trip, he was exhausted

    D. Exhausted after a long trip though he helped me to repair my broken chair.

  Câu 12: She hasn't written to us since last year

    A. The first time she wrote to us was last year.

    B. She hasn’t written to us for last year

    C. The last time she wrote to us was last year.

    D. The last time she written to us was last year.

  Câu 13: Don't try to insist Peter. Once he makes up his mind he never changes it.

     A. Don't try to insist Peter. Once he decides he never changes it.

     B. Don't try to insist Peter. Once he decide he never changes it.

     C. Don't try to insist Peter. Once he decided he never changes it.

    D. Don't try to insist Peter. Once he has decided he never changes it.

  Câu 14: What a beautiful bride in white!

    A. How a beautiful a bride in white!

    B. What beautiful a bride in white!

    C. How beautiful a bride in white!

    D. What an beautiful bride in white!
  Câu 15: Shall we have lunch at Loga restaurant?

    A. Why don’t we having luch at Loga restaurant?

    B. Let’s having lunch at Loga restaurant?

    C. Why don’t we have had  luch at Loga restaurant?

    D. Why don’t we have luch at Loga restaurant?

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