EXPRESSION OF QUANTITY

(SỰ DIỄN TẢ VỀ SỐ LƯỢNG)

I. Some/ Any (Một ít, một vài)

 

1. SOME: Some được đặt trước danh từ đếm được số nhiều (plural countable noun) hoặc danh từ không đếm được (uncountable noun) trong câu xác định.

• Ex1: I want some milk.
• Ex2: He saw some strangers in his house yesterday.
• Ex3: My mother needs some eggs.

     * Đôi khi “some” được dùng trong câu hỏi (mời ai dùng thêm gì hoặc một đề nghị lịch sự):

• Ex1: Would you like some more coffee?
• Ex2: May I go out for some drink?

 

2. ANY: Any thường được đặt trước danh từ đếm được hoặc danh từ không đếm được trong câu phủ định hoặc nghi vấn.

• Ex1: Do you want any sugar?
• Ex2: She didn’t see any boys in her class.
• Ex3: Does your sister need any eggs?

     * LƯU Ý: Các đại từ phiếm chỉ (something, anything, someone, anyone, somebody) cũng dùng theo cách trên.

• Ex1: I don’t see anything on the table.
• Ex2: Is there anybody in your house now?
• Ex3: I want to do something to help her.

 

II. Most/ Most of (Phần lớn, đa số)

 

1. MOST: Most dùng trước danh từ đếm được số nhiều hoặc danh từ không đếm được. Most là từ hạn định trong cấu trúc

MOST + NOUN

MOST + ADJECTIVE + NOUN

• Ex1: Most children are fond of sweets.
• Ex2: Most beautiful material is expensive.
• Ex3: Most beer has been drunk.
• Ex4: Most students in my class like watching football.

 

2. MOST OF: Most of dùng trước cụm danh từ số ít hoặc số nhiều

MOST OF + DETERMINER/ PRONOUN + NOUN

• Ex1: Most of these students are clever.
• Ex2: Most of her friends have well-paid jobs.
• Ex3: We spend most of our time watching TV.
• Ex4: He has finished most of the exercises in the books.

     * Các cụm danh từ đứng sau most of thường xác định (phải có the, this, these, those,… hoặc các tính từ sở hữu my, his, her,…).

• Ex: Most boys and girls in my class want to choose well-paid jobs.

           => Most of the boys and girls in my class want to choose well-paid jobs.

 

III. Much, Many, A great deal of, A large number of, A lot of, Lots of,… (Nhiều)

 

With countable nouns (Với các danh từ đếm được)	With uncountable nouns (Với các danh từ không đếm được)
Many	Much (thường dùng trong câu phủ định hoặc nghi vấn)
A large number of	A great deal of (thường dùng trong câu xác định)
A great number of	A large amount of
Plenty of	Plenty of
A lot of	A lot of
Lots of	Lots of

 

• Examples:

I don’t have much time for night clubs.	There are so many people in the park.
A large amount of air pollution comes from industry.	She has got a great number of tasks from school today.
There is plenty of milk in the fridge.	There are plenty of eggs in the fridge.
I spent a lot of/ lots of money on cars.	I want to have a lot of/ lots of cars.
He has a great deal of homework today.	A large number of students are in the hall.

 

     * LƯU Ý: Khi trong câu xác định có các từ very, too, so, as thì phải dùng much/many

• Ex1: There was so much traffic that it took me an hour to get home.
• Ex2: There were too many mistakes in your writing.

 

IV. Few, A few, Little, A little (Ít, một ít, một vài)

 

1. FEW/ A FEW: dùng trước các danh từ đếm được số nhiều (plural countable nouns)

      a) Few: rất ít, hầu hư không có (ít hơn những gì bạn muốn hoặc mong đợi)

• Ex1: I don’t want to take the trip to Hue because I have few friends there.
• Ex2: They hardly find a job because there are few jobs.

      b) A few: một vài (gần nghĩa với some)

• Ex1: You can see a few houses on the hill.
• Ex2: A few people left early.
• Ex3: There are a few empty seats here.
• Ex4: I recognized a few of the other guests.

 

2. LITTLE/ A LITTLE: dùng trước các danh từ không đếm được (uncountable nouns)

      a) Little: rất ít (ít hơn những gì bạn muốn hoặc mong đợi)

• Ex1: There was little doubt in my mind.
• Ex2: I have very little time for reading.
• Ex3: I understood little of what he said.

      b) A little: một ít, một chút (gần nghĩa với some)

• Ex1: I need a little help to move these tables.
• Ex2: It caused a little confusion.
• Ex3: Would you like a little salt on your vegetables?

 

V. BÀI TẬP

Exercise 1: Choose the correct words in the following sentences.

1. He doesn’t have (many/ much) money.
2. I would like (a few/ a little) salt on my vegetables.
3. She bought (many/ much) cards last night.
4. There are (less/ fewer) boys in this class than in the next class.
5. There is (too many/ too much) information to learn.

 

Exercise 2: Fill in each of the blanks with MOST or MOST OF

1. ………… adolescents can hardly find a suitable job.
2. There are 50 students in my class. ………… them wear school uniform.
3. ………… the time he spent on learning was fairly reasonable.
4. ………… men and women appy for that job, but ………… them aren’t often qualified.
5. She gave ………… her energy to science.

 

Exercise 3: Fill in each of the blanks with A GREAT DEAL OF/ A LARGE NUMBER OF/ MUCH (OF)/ MANY (OF).

1. ………… learner’s attention should be paid to the use of the English teacher.
2. ………… today’s scientific work is involved in the use of computers.
3. Are ………… your photos in color or in black and white?
4. She put too ………… sugar in the coffe.
5. ………… trees are cut to make paper every year.

 

Exercise 4: Fill in each of the blanks with LITTLE/FEW or A LITTLE/ A FEW (OF).

1. She gave ………… thought to her future.
2. Would you like ………… coffee? Yes, please. But put ………… sugar in it.
3. ………… your friends will have to repeat the course owing to their weakness.
4. Can you speak French? Just …………
5. She just spends ………… her money on clothes.

 

VI. CHỮA BÀI TẬP

Exercise 1:

much	a little
many	fewer
too much

 

Exercise 2:

most	most of
most of	most…. most of
most of

 

Exercise 3:

a great deal of	a great deal of
many of	much
a large number of

 

Exercise 4:

little	a little…. little
a few of	a little
a little of

 

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