Lý thuyết + bài tập Unit 8 môn Tiếng Anh lớp 10

UNIT 8. NEW WAYS TO LEARN

Cách học mới

Từ vựng:

- access /ˈækses/(v): truy cập

- application /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/(n): ứng dụng

- concentrate/ˈkɒnsntreɪt/ (v): tập trung

- device /dɪˈvaɪs/(n): thiết bị

- digital /ˈdɪdʒɪtl/(adj): kỹ thuật số

- disadvantage/ˌdɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/ (n): nhược/ khuyết điểm

- educate /ˈedʒukeɪt/(v) : giáo dục

- education /ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn/(n): nền giáo dục

- educational /ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃənl/(adj): có tính/thuộc giáo dục

- fingertip /ˈfɪŋɡətɪp/ (n): đầu ngón tay

- identify /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/(v): nhận dạng

- improve /ɪmˈpruːv/ (v): cải thiện/tiến

- instruction /ɪnˈstrʌkʃn/(n): hướng/chỉ dẫn

- native /ˈneɪtɪv/(adj): bản ngữ

- portable /ˈpɔːtəbl/(adj): xách tay

- software /ˈsɒftweə(r)/(n): phần mềm

- syllable/ˈsɪləbl/ (n): âm tiết

- technology /tekˈnɒlədʒi/ (n): công nghệ

- touch screen /tʌtʃskriːn/ (n.phr): màn hình cảm ứng

- voice recognition/vɔɪsˌrekəɡˈnɪʃn/ (n.phr): nhận dạng giọng nói

Ngữ pháp:

Relative clause (Mệnh đề quan hệ):

- Mệnh đề quan hệ được dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước nó, thường bắt đầu bằng một đại từ quan hệ (relative pronoun) như who, whom, whose, which, that.

- Có hai loại mệnh đề quan hệ: mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (defining relative clause) và mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (non-defining relative clause).

-Trong mệnh đề quan hệ thì:

who thay cho chủ ngữ chỉ người;

Ex: Do you know the people who live over the road?

Bạn có biết những người sống bẽn đường kia không?

whom thay cho tân ngữ chỉ người;

Ex: The woman whom my brother is talking to is my English teacher.

Người phụ nữ mà anh trai tôi đang nói chuyện là cô giáo tiếng Anh của tôi.

whose thay cho tỉnh từ sở hữu;

Ex: The woman whose daughter is studying in my class is my English teacher.

Người phụ nữ có cô con gái đang học ở lớp tôi Là cô giáo tiếng Anh của tôi.

which thay cho chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ chỉ vật;

Ex: Did you see tho letter which came today?

Bạn có thấy bức thư đến hôm nay không?

that có thể thay thế cho who, whom, which trong mênh đề quan hệ hạn định; ngoài ra chỉ dừng riêng that, trong các trường hợp trước that có các từ all, first, second,... last, most, best, only.

Ex: It’s the most interesting book that I’ve ever read.

Đó là cuốn sách hay nhất mà tôi từng đọc.

Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định

Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định

Đặc điểm

- Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định được dùng để xác định danh từ (người hoặc vật) mà câu đang đề cập tới.

- Cần thiết cho nghĩa cả câu nên không thể lược bỏ được.

- Có chức năng như tính từ - bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước đó.

- Cung cấp thêm thông tin có liên quan đến người nào đó hoặc điều gì đó có liên hệ đến mệnh đề chính.

Ex: The boy that is playing football over there is my son.

Cậu bé đang chơi đá bóng đằng kia là con trai tôi.

- Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định được dùng để dịnh rõ người nào hoặc vật nào mà chúng ta muốn đề cập đến.

Ex: The book which I lent you is interesting.

Quyển sách mà tôi cho bạn mượn thì rất là thú vị.

- Đại từ liên hệ làm chủ ngữ của mệnh đề.

Ex: The girl who lives next door is very friendly. Cô gái mà sống cạnh nhà tôi thì rất là thân thiện.

- Đại từ liên hệ làm tân ngữ của mệnh đề.

Ex: That’s the lovely girl whom I met at Loan’s party last night.

- Không cần thiết cho ý nghĩa của cả câu.

- Có thể loại bỏ mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định mà câu vẫn có đầy đủ ý nghĩa.

- Mệnh đề quan hộ không xác dịnh thường ở giữa hai dấu phẩy.

- Không được lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ trong loại mệnh đề quan hệ này.

-Không được dùng đại từ quan hệ that.

Ex: Lan, who is wearing a white skirt, is my friend.

- Các trường hợp mệnh để quan hệ không xác định bổ nghĩa:

Là các đại từ chỉ dịnh (this, that, these, those) + Noun

Ex: This man, who sat next to me, sang well.

Người đàn ông ngồi gần tôi hát hay.

Tính từ sở hữu (My, your, his, her,...) + Noun

Ex: His daughter, who sat next to mé, sang well.

Thường là các danh từ riêng (tên riêng, địa danh,...)

Ex: Nam, who sat next to me, sang well.

Noun + prepositions + Noun₂: Ngữ danh từ

Ex: The lady in red, who sat next to me, sang well.

Bài tập mẫu:

Bài tập 1: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất

Mr.Huynh, ______ is living behind my house, is a cook.

A. that B. who C. whom D. what

Her phone ______ was my friend’s got broke.

A. which B. whom C. who D. that

The man _______ she wanted to see her parents.

A. which B. where C. whom D. who

Her grandfather, _______ is 80, often takes exercise.

A. what B. who C. where D. which

The woman _______ came here yesterday is her teacher. (Who)

A. who B. that C. whom D. what

Freedom is something for ________ millions have given their lives. which

A. which B. where C. whom D. who

The really happy people are those ……enjoy their daily work. who

A. what B. who C. which D. where

My mother loves tokbokki, _________ is a Korea food. Who

A. which B. where C. whom D. who

Gin has passed the exam yesterday, ________ is great news.

A. who B. that C. which D. whom

The book ________ is on the tabls is his teacher’s.

A. who B. that C. which D. whom

Bài tập 2: Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi

The man is her father. You met him last week.

➔ _______________________________________.

Carta has a sister. Her sister’s name is Juma.

➔ _______________________________________.

Show me the new hats. You bought them last night.

➔ _______________________________________.

Huyen likes the blue T-shirt. My sister is wearing it.

➔ _______________________________________.

That is a company. It produces ring.

➔ _______________________________________.

The children were attracted by the show. It was performed so many.

➔ _______________________________________.

Linda bought a new phone yesterday. I can use it to send and receive message.

➔ _______________________________________.

Tet is a festival. Tet often happens in late January or early February.

➔ _______________________________________.

My best friend can compose songs. Ly sings folk songs very well.

➔ _______________________________________.

Cuong is the boy. He is giving my mom a gift.

➔ _______________________________________.

Bài tập 3: Tìm và sửa lỗi sai.

The film who I watched yesterday was interesting.
I like that dress whom is really beautiful.
The only house to be paint last week was Oanh’s.
Do you get on with the person which lives behind?
A dictionary is a book whom gives her the meaning of words.

Bài tập 4: Nối 2 câu sau thành 1 câu liền mạch (rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ)

Linh is the girl. She phoned the police yesterday.

➔ _________________________________________.

Those are the books. Victor has just bought them from the bookstore.

➔ _________________________________________.

The woman who is standing there is my aunt.

➔ _________________________________________.

The last student that was interviewed was Kim.

➔ _________________________________________.

I buy a cap which is beautiful and fashionable.

➔ _________________________________________.

Sapa, which is best known for foreign travellers, has pleasant weather.

➔ _________________________________________.

They had a pool in which we could swim .

➔ _________________________________________.

HƯỚNG DẪN:

Bài tập 1: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất

Chọn B (Who thay thế cho Mr.Huynh)
Chọn D (That thay thế cho her phone – mệnh đề xác định)
Chọn C (thiếu tân ngữ – whom thay thế cho the man)
Chọn B (Who thay thế cho her grandfather)
Chọn A (Who thay thế cho the woman)
Chọn A (Which thay thế cho freedom)
Chọn B (Who thay thế cho people)
Chọn A (Which thay thế cho tokbokki)
Chọn C (Which thay thế cho việc Gin đã vượt qua bài kiểm tra)
Chọn C (Which thay thế cho the book)

Bài tập 2: Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi

The man whom you met last week is her father.
Carta has a sister whose nam is Juma.
Show me the new hats which you bought last night.
Huyen likes the blue T-shirt which my sister is wearing.
That is a company which produces ring.
The children were attracted by the show which was performed so many.
Linda bought a new phone yesterday which I can use to send and receive message.
Tet is a festival which often happens in late January or early February.
My best friend can compose songs which Ly sings very well.
Cuong is the boy who is giving my mom a gift.

Bài tập 3: Tìm và sửa lỗi sai.

who ➔ which (thay thế cho the film phải dùng which chứ không dùng who)
whom ➔ which (thay thế cho that dress dùng which)
to be paint ➔ to be painted (sai về chia thời động từ)
which ➔ who (thay thế cho the person phải dùng who)
whom ➔ which (thay thế a book phải dùng which)

Bài tập 4: Nối 2 câu sau thành 1 câu liền mạch (rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ)

Linh is the girl phoning the police yesterday.
Those are the books which Victor has just bought from the bookstore.
The woman standing there is my aunt.
The last student to be interviewed was Kim.
I buy a beautiful and fashionable cap.
Sapa, best known for foreign travellers, has pleasant weather.
They had a pool to swim in.

Bài tập tự luyện có đáp án:

Bài tập 1: Nối hai câu riêng lẻ dưới đây thành một câu sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ:

He worked for a woman. She used to be an artist.
They called a doctor. He lived nearby.
I wrote an email to my sister. She lives in Italy.
Linh liked the waiter. He was very friendly.
We broke a car. It belonged to my uncle.
Ba dropped a cup. It was new.
Nam loves books. They have happy endings.
I live in a city. It is in the north of Vietnam.
The man is in the class. He is wearing a blue hat.
The woman works in a hospital. She is from India.
My sister has four sons. She lives in Japan.
The man was rude. He was wearing a red shirt.
The phone is on the table. It belongs to An.
The TV got broken. It was my grandfather’s.
The radio was stolen. It was bought 35 years ago.
The girl gave Binh his phone. She is his daughter.
This is the laptop. My mother has just bought it.
That’s the man. His car is a Ferrari.
I know the woman. She lives upstairs.
It’s the dog. I always talk to him at night.
She opened the cupboard. She kept her best glasses in there.
This is the house. General Giap lived here.
The flight was canceled. We were going to take it.
I saw the lady in the shop. She was Vicki Zhao.
The man is a director. His dog is sick.
My violin is missing. It was my birthday present.
I first learn English from a book. I’ve just reread it.
The police officer has just arrested a man. He robbed the bank.
These are the shoes. I bought them in HCMC.
She bought the car. Her father had recommended it.
He lost the pen. I had given it to him.
We called the delivery company. Nga often uses it.
Lam met a girl. I used to employ her.
Chi called the lawyer. My mother knows him.
He brought a woman. I worked with her last year.
We employed the pianist. Hai introduced her.
The cake is on the table. I bought it.
The book belongs to Lan. An found it under the chair.
The food was delicious. Huy cooked the food.
The bike was stolen. My parents gave me the bike.
The man was arrested. I reported him to the police.
The teacher was right. Ngan asked him about her problem.
The writer was very pretty. My brother dated her.
The secretary is in the office. Dzung likes her.
We ate the food. I bought the food.

Bài tập 2: Fill in the blanks with WHO, WHICH or THAT:

The men _______ lives next-door are English.
The dictionary _______ you gave me is very good.
Do you know the girls _______ are standing outside the church?
The police are looking for the thieve _______ got into my house last night.
The chocolate _______ you like comes from the United States.
I have lost the necklace _______ my mother gave me on my birthday.
A burglar is someone _______ breaks into a house and steals things.
Buses _______ go to the airport run every half hour.
I can't find the key _______ opens this door.
I gave you a book _______ had many pictures.
I don't like the boy _______ Sue is going out with.
Did you see the beautiful dress _______ she wore yesterday.
The man _______ she is going to marry is very rich.
This is the bank _______ was robbed yesterday.
He wore a mask _______ made him look like Mickey Mouse.

Bài tập 3: Fill in the blanks with WHO, WHICH or WHOSE:

He arrived with a friend ______ waited outside in the car.
The man ______ mobile was ringing did not know what to do.
The car ______ the robbers escaped in was a BMW.
The woman ______ daughter was crying tried to calm her down.
The postman ______ works in the village is very old.
The family ______ car was stolen last week is the Smiths.
The cowboy ______ is wearing a red shirt looks very funny.
A bus is a big car ______ carries lots of people.
The volunteers, ______ enthusiasm was obvious, finished the work quickly.
Children ______ like music are often good at mathematics.
The engineers ______ designed the building received an award.
The girl ______ recited the poem is my niece.
The townspeople, ______ pride in their community is well- known, raised enough money to build a new town hall.
The Pacific Ocean, ______ might have been crossed by raft during the Stone Age, is the world's largest ocean.
The newspaper to ______ we subscribe is delivered regularly.

Bài tập 4: Chọn câu đúng:

She gives her children everything ..................... they want.

A. that B. who C. whom D. what

Tell me ...................... you want and i will try to help you.

A. that B. what C.who D. which

The place ......................... we spent our holiday was really beautiful.

A. what B. who C. where D. which

What was the name of the girl....passport was stolen?

A. whose B. who C. which D. when

The bed ...................... I slept in was too soft.

A. whose B. which C. what D. who

Nora is the only person ......................... understands me.

A. which B. who C. what D. whose

Why do you always disagree with everything...I say?

A. who B. which C. when D. what

This is an awful film. It is the worst...I have never seen.

A. who B. that C. what D. whom

The hotel ...we stayed was not clean.

A. who B. that C. where D. when

The last time ...I saw her, she looked very beautiful.

A. who B. that C. where D. when

What was the name of the people ...car had broken down.

A. which B. who C. whom D. whose

I recently went back to the town...I was born.

A. what B. where C. who D. which

The reason ........................... I phoned him was to invite him to a party.

A. what B. whose C. why D. which

I don't agree with .................... you have just said.

A. what B. who C. when D. which

She told me her address ........................ I wrote on a piece of paper.

A. what B. which C. when D. where

The dress didn't fit her, so she took it back to the shop ................... she had bought it.

A. where B. which C. what D. when

Do you know the girl .......................... Tom is talking to?

A. whom B. what C. which D. whose

I gave her all the money ............................ I had.

A. that B. what C. when D. whose

The party .......................... we went to wasn't very enjoyable.

A. who B. when C. that D. where

The stories .............................. Tom tells are usually very funny.

A. when B. that C. where D. who

I met the woman ............................. can speak 6 languages.

A. who B. that C. which D. whom

Have you seen the money ........................... was on the table?

A. who B. which C. where D. whom

Where is the picture ............................ was on the wall?

A. when B. where C. which D. who

I don't like people ............................ never stop talking.

A. who B. which C. whom D. whose

Why does she always wear clothes .............................. are too small for her?

A. which B. who C. whose D. where

The factory .................. John works in is the biggest in town.

A. when B. where C. which D. how

Have you ever seen the photographs ...................... Ann took?

A. that B. where C. when D. who

Everybody ........................ went to the party enjoyed it very much.

A. that B. whose C. which D. who

1945 was the year ........................ the second world war ended.

A. which B. why C. when D. where

Is there a shop near hear ........................ I can buy a postcard?

A. when B. which C. where D. who

ĐÁP ÁN:

Bài tập 1: Nối hai câu riêng lẻ dưới đây thành một câu sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ:

He worked for a woman who used to be an artist.
They called a doctor who lived nearby.
I wrote an email to my sister who lives in Italy.
Linh liked the waiter who was very friendly.
We broke a car that belonged to my uncle.
Ba dropped a cup which was new.
Nam loves books that have happy endings.
I live in a city that is in the north of Vietnam.
The man who is wearing a blue hat is in the class.
The woman who is from India works in a hospital.
My sister who lives in Japan has four sons.
The man who was wearing a red shirt was rude.
The phone that belongs to An is on the table.
The TV that was my grandfather’s got broken.
The radio that was bought 35 years ago was stolen.
The girl who gave Binh his phone is his daughter.
This is the laptop which my mother has just bought.
That’s the man whose car is a Ferrari.
I know the woman who lives upstairs.
It’s the dog that I always talk to at night.
She opened the cupboard where she kept her best glasses.
This is the house where General Giap lived.
The flight that we were going to take was canceled.
The lady that I saw in the shop was Vicki Zhao.
The man whose dog is sick is a director.
The violin that is missing was my birthday present.
I’ve just reread the book which I first learned English from.
The police officer has just arrested the man who robbed the bank.
These are the shoes that I bought in HCMC.
She bought the car her father had recommended.
He lost the pen I had given him.
We called the delivery company Nga often uses.
Lam met a girl I used to employ.
Chi called the lawyer my mother knows.
He brought a woman I worked with last year.
We employed the pianist Hai introduced.
The cake I bought is on the table.
The wallet An found under the chair belongs to Lan.
The food Huy cooked was delicious.
The bike my parents gave me was stolen.
The man I reported to the police was arrested.
The teacher Ngan asked about her problem was right.
The writer my brother dated was very pretty.
The secretary Dzung likes is in the office.
We ate the food I bought.

Bài tập 2: Fill in the blanks with WHO, WHICH or THAT:

The men ___who___ lives next-door are English.
The dictionary ___which___ you gave me is very good.
Do you know the girls ___who___ are standing outside the church?
The police are looking for the thieve ___who___ got into my house last night.
The chocolate ___which___ you like comes from the United States.
I have lost the necklace ___which___ my mother gave me on my birthday.
A burglar is someone ___that___ breaks into a house and steals things.
Buses ___that___ go to the airport run every half hour.
I can't find the key ___which___ opens this door.
I gave you a book ___which___ had many pictures.
I don't like the boy ___who___ Sue is going out with.
Did you see the beautiful dress ___which___ she wore yesterday.
The man ___whom___ she is going to marry is very rich.
This is the bank ___which___ was robbed yesterday.
He wore a mask ___which___ made him look like Mickey Mouse.

Bài tập 3: Fill in the blanks with WHO, WHICH or WHOSE:

He arrived with a friend ___who___ waited outside in the car.
The man ___whose___ mobile was ringing did not know what to do.
The car ___which___ the robbers escaped in was a BMW.
The woman ___whose___ daughter was crying tried to calm her down.
The postman ___who___ works in the village is very old.
The family ___whose___ car was stolen last week is the Smiths.
The cowboy ___who___ is wearing a red shirt looks very funny.
A bus is a big car ___which___ carries lots of people.
The volunteers, ___whose___ enthusiasm was obvious, finished the work quickly.
Children ___who___ like music are often good at mathematics.
The engineers ___who___ designed the building received an award.
The girl ___who___ recited the poem is my niece.
The townspeople, ___whose___ pride in their community is well-known, raised enough money to build a new town hall.
The Pacific Ocean, ___which___ might have been crossed by raft during the Stone Age, is the world's largest ocean.
The newspaper to ____which___ we subscribe is delivered regularly.