Past Simple - Quá khứ đơn.
1. Form.
|
(+) |
S + Ved + O. |
|
(–) |
S + didn’t + V + O. |
|
(?) |
Did + S + V + O ? |
§ Cách cấu tạo động từ ở thì quá khứ đơn.
· Đối với động từ bất quy tắc, ta dựa vào cột 2 của bảng động từ bất quy tắc.
· Với động từ thường, ta có những trường hợp sau:
– Đa số động từ thêm “ed”. (watched, brushed, missed, wanted, wished,...)
– Động từ có tận cùng là “e” chỉ việc thêm “d”. (smiled, typed, died, agreed, dyed ....)
– Động từ có tận cùng là “y”, trước “y” là 1 phụ âm, đổi “y” thành “i” và thêm “ed”. (tried, studied, ...)
– Động từ có tận cùng là 1 phụ âm (trừ “w”, “x”, “h”, “y”) ta nhân đôi phụ âm cuối rồi thêm “ed”.
Quy tắc này cũng áp dụng cho động từ 2 âm tiết, trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2. (permitted, ...)
§ Cách phát âm đuôi “ed”.
– Những động từ có quy tắc tận cùng là âm /t/ và /d/ khi thêm “ed” ta đọc /id/.
+ devided /di’vaidid/, tended /tendid/, visited /’vizitid/, ....
– Những động từ có quy tắc tận cùng là âm /k/, /p/, /f/, /s/, /t/
, //
khi thêm “ed” ta đọc /t/.
+ looked /lʊkt/, missed /mist/, .....
– Ngoài 2 trường hợp trên, các động từ có quy tắc còn lại khi thêm “ed” ta đọc /d/.
+ played /pleid/, runned /rʌnd/, begged /begd/, ....
2. Uses.
a. Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và chấm dứt ở 1 thời điểm trong quá khứ.
– Thường kết hợp với các trạng từ: yesterday, last night/ week/ month..../ Monday..., 1/ 2... years ago,
in + 1 năm trong quá khứ, ...
– Ngoài ra các trạngt từ như: today, this morning, this afternoon,.... cũng có thể dùng với quá khứ đơn nếu chúng nói về thời gian đã qua.
Ví dụ: I had 2 tests yesterday morning.
Last year, we went to Bali for the summer vacation.
This morning I met a lot of trouble. That was terrible.
We got married in 2005.
b. Diễn tả 1 hành động theo thói quen trong quá khứ, hiện tại không còn với “used to” và “would”.
Ví dụ: He used to walk along the river bank after school, now he doesn’t.
When he was young, his father would take him to the zoo every Sunday morning.
c. Diễn tả 1 chuỗi các hành động xảy ra liền kề nhau trong quá khứ.
Ví dụ: He went home, took off his dirty boots, put his raincoat away, kiss his mom and took a shower.
d. Dùng trong câu gián tiếp để tường thuật lại lời người khác nói.
Ví dụ: He said that he was feeling very bad.
BÀI TẬP TỰ LUYỆN
Bài 1: Hoàn thành câu sau đúng dạng thì quá khứ đơn:
1. It/ be/ cloudy/ yesterday.
2. In 1990/ we/ move/ to another city.
3. When/ you/ get/ the first gift?
4. She/ not/ go/ to the church/ five days ago.
5. How/ be/ he/ yesterday?
6. and Mrs. James/ come back home/ and/ have/ lunch/ late/ last night?
7. They/ happy/ last holiday?
8. How/ you/ get there?
9. I/ play/ football/ last/ Sunday.
10. My/ mother/ make/ two/ cake/ four/ day/ ago.
11. Tyler/ visit/ his/ grandmother/ last/ month.
12. Joni/ go/ zoo/ five/ day/ ago.
13. We/ have/ fun/ yesterday.
14. My/ father/ not/ at the office/ the day/ before yesterday.
Bài 2: Lựa chọn và điền dạng đúng của từ:
teach cook want spend ring
be sleep study go write
1. She…..out with her boyfriend last night.
2. Laura…..a meal yesterday afternoon.
3. Mozart…..more than 600 pieces of music.
4. I…..tired when I came home.
5. The bed was very comfortable so they…..very well.
6. Jamie passed the exam because he…..very hard.
7. My father…..the teenagers to drive when he was alive.
8. Dave…..to make a fire but there was no wood.
9. The little boy…..hours in his room making his toys.
10. The telephone…..several times and then stopped before I could answer it.
Bài 3: Chia động từ trong ngoặc đúng dạng thì quá khứ đơn:
Snow White was the daughter of a beautiful queen, who died when the girl (be) (1)……….. young. Her father (get married) (2) ………….again, but the girl’s stepmother was very jealous of her because she was so beautiful. The evil queen (order) (3)………….a hunter to kill Snow White but he couldn’t do it because she was so lovely. He (chase) (4) ………….her away instead, and she (take) (5) ………….refuge with seven dwarfs in their house in the forest. She (live) (6) ………….with the dwarfs and took care of them and they (love) (7) ………….her dearly. Then, one day the talking mirror (tell) (8) ………….the evil queen that Snow White was still alive. She (change) (9) ………….herself into a witch and (make) (10) ………….a poisoned apple. She (go) (11) ………….to the dwarfs’ house disguised as an old woman and tempted Snow White to eat the poisoned apple, which (put) (12)………….her into an everlasting sleep. Finally, a prince (find) (13) ………….her in the glass coffin where the dwarfs had put her and woke her up with a kiss. Snow White and the prince (be) (14) ………….married and lived happily ever after.
Bài 4: Chuyển những động từ bất quy tắc sau sang dạng quá khứ:
|
1. Be 2. Become 3. Begin 4. Break 5. Bring 6. Build 7. Buy 8. Choose 9. Come 10. Cost 11. Cut 12. Do 13. Dream 14. Drink 15. Eat 16. Feel 17. Find 18. Forget 19. Get 20. Give 21. Go 22. Have 23. Hear 24. Hold 25. Keep 26. Know 27. Learn |
1. Let 2. Make 3. Mean 4. Meet 5. Pay 6. Put 7. Read 8. Rise 9. Run 10. Say 11. See 12. Send 13. Set 14. Shake 15. Shut 16. Sing 17. Sit 18. Sleep 19. Stand 20. Swim 21. Take 22. Teach 23. Tell 24. Think 25. Wear 26. win 27. write |
ĐÁP ÁN
Bài 1:
1. It was cloudy yesterday.
2. In 1990, we moved to another city./ We moved to another city in 1990.
3. When did you get the first gift?
4. She did not go to the church five days ago./ She didn’t go to the church five days ago.
5. How was he yesterday?
6. Did Mr. and Mrs. James come back home and have lunch late last night?
7. Were they happy last holiday?
8. How did you get there?
9. I played football last Sunday.
10. My mother made two cakes four days ago.
11. Tyler visited his grandmother last month.
12. Joni went to the zoo five days ago.
13. We had fun yesterday.
14. My father was not at the office the day before yesterday./ My father wasn’t at the office the day before yesterday.
Bài 2:
1. went
2. cooked
3. wrote
4. was tired
5. slept
6. studied
7. taught
8. wanted
9. spent
10. rang
Bài 3 :
1. was
2. got married
3. ordered
4. chased
5. took
6. lived
7. loved
8. told
9. changed
10. made
11. went
12. put
13. found
14. were
Bài 4:
|
1. Was/ were 2. Became 3. Began 4. Broke 5. Brought 6. Built 7. Bought 8. Chose 9. Came 10. Cost 11. Cut 12. Did 13. Dreamt 14. Drunk 15. Ate 16. Felt 17. Found 18. Forgot 19. Got 20. Gave 21. Went 22. Had 23. Heard 24. Held 25. Kept 26. Knew 27. Learnt/Learned |
1. Let 2. Made 3. Meant 4. Met 5. Paid 6. Put 7. Read 8. Rose 9. Run 10. Said 11. Saw 12. Sent 13. Set 14. Shook 15. Shut 16. Sang 17. Sat 18. Slept 19. Stood 20. Swam 21. Took 22. Taught 23. Told 24. Thought 25. Wore 26. Won 27. Wrote |
