CHỨC NĂNG GIAO TIẾP
Bài tập về chức năng giao tiếp bao gồm những mẫu đối thoại ngắn, thường là dạng hỏi và trả lời giữa hai đối tượng A và B. Mục đích của dạng bài tập này là chọn đúng phần khuyết để hoàn thành đoạn hội thoại ngắn này. Để làm chủ dạng bài này, chúng ta cần nắm rõ dạng câu hỏi nào đi với câu trả lời như thế nào và ngược lại.
I. Thu thập và xác nhận thông tin
Câu hỏi | Câu trả lời | Ví dụ |
1. Câu hỏi Có - Không Bắt đầu bằng các trợ động từ : am, is, are, was, were, do, does, did,… hoặc động từ khuyết thiếu: can, could, may, might, … | - Bắt đầu bằng Yes/ No và đưa thêm thông tin. - Có thể trả lời bằng: ü I think/ believe/ hope/ expect/ guess so/ not. ü Sure/ Of course/ Right. ü I’m afraid not. | Eg: - Will the government raise tax? - I hope not./ No, that’s a rumour. |
2. Câu hỏi chọn lựa Thường chứa liên từ “or” và yêu cầu phải chọn một phương án | - Là câu chọn một trong hai sự lựa chọn được đưa ra trong câu hỏi. Ta không dùng Yes/ No để trả lời câu hỏi này. | Eg: - Pork or beef? - Beef, please./ I’d prefer beef. |
3. Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi Bắt đầu bằng các từ để hỏi như what, which, who, whose, why, how, … để thu thập thông tin. | - Cần cung cấp thông tin nêu trong câu hỏi. | Eg: - What did he talk about? - His family. |
4. Câu hỏi đuôi Thường dùng để xác nhận thông tin với ngữ điệu xuống ở cuối câu hỏi. | Cũng giống như câu hỏi Có - Không. ü Thông tin nêu ở vế chính đúng => Yes ü Thông tin nêu ở vế chính sai => No | Eg: - Jane left early for the first train, didn’t she? - Yes, she did. |
5. Hỏi đường hoặc lời chỉ dẫn - Hỏi đường ü Could you show me the way to …? ü Could you be so kind to show me how to get to …? ü Where is the nearest bank?/ Is there a bank near here? - Chỉ dẫn: ü Could you show/tell me how to …? ü How does this… work? ü Do you know how to …? | ü Turn left/ right. ü Go straight ahead for… then … ü Keep walking until you reach… ü It’s a long way. You should take a taxi. ü Sorry, I’m new here./ I don’t know this area very well. ü First…Second…Finally… ü The first step is …, then… ü Remember to … | Eg: - Could you show me the way to the nearest bank? - Go straight ahead for two blocks then turn left. Eg: - Could you tell me how to connect to Wi-Fi? - First, you choose the Wi-Fi you want then type this password in the blank and the last step is to tap “Connect button”. |
II. Quan hệ xã giao
Câu hỏi | Câu trả lời | Ví dụ |
1. Chào hỏi và giới thiệu - Chào hỏi: ü Good morning/afternoon/evening. ü Hi/Hello. Have a good day ü How are you?/ How have you been?/ How are the things? - Giới thiệu ü I’d like to introduce you to…/… to you. ü I’d like you to meet… ü This is … ü Have you two met before? | ü Good morning/afternoon… ü Hi. I’m … . And you? ü Have we met before? ü Long time no see. ü How do you do? ü Nice/ Pleased/ Glad to meet you. | Eg: - Hi, Ruby. - Hi, Jack. Long time no see. Eg: - I’d like to introduce Jack to you. - I’m Ruby. Nice to meet you. |
2. Lời mời ü Would you like to …? ü I’d like to invite you to … ü Do you feel like/ fancy + V-ing? ü Let me … | - Đồng ý: ü It’s a great idea. ü That sounds great/fantastic… ü Why not? ü OK, let’s do that. - Không đồng ý: ü No, thanks. ü I’m afraid I can’t. ü Sorry, but I have another plan. ü Some other time, perhaps. | Eg: - I would like to invite you to my birthday party this week? - I would love to but this week I am really busy. |
3. Ra về và chào tạm biệt ü I’m afraid I have to be going now/ I have to leave now. ü It’s getting late so quickly. ü Good bye/ Bye. ü Thank you very much for … | ü I’m glad you have a good time/ you like it. ü Thanks for coming. ü See you later/ Let’s meet again soon. | Eg: - Thank you very much for a lovely dinner. - I’m glad you like it. |
4. Khen ngợi và chúc mừng ü You did a good job./ Good job! ü Congratulations! ü What you did was wonderful/ fantastic/ desirable/ amazing. ü Your … is very lovely/ terrific/ … ü You have a great sense of …/ style of … | ü Thank you. I’m glad you like it./ I like yours too. ü You did so well, too. ü Your … is fantastic/ amazing … too. | Eg: - What you did was wonderful! - You did so well, too. |
5. Cảm ơn ü Thank you very much for …/ Many thanks./ Thanks. ü It was so kind/ nice/ good of you to … ü I am thankful/ grateful to you for… | ü You’re welcome. ü Never mind/ Not at all. ü Don’t mention it./ Forget it. ü It’s my pleasure./ I’m glad I could help. ü It was the least I/we could do for you. | Eg: - It was so kind of you to give me a lift. - Never mind. |
6. Xin lỗi ü I’m terribly/ awfully sorry about that. ü I apologize to you for… ü It’s totally my fault. ü I didn’t mean that./ I shouldn’t have done that. ü It will not happen again. I promise. | ü It doesn’t matter. ü Don’t worry about that. ü Forget it/ No problem/ Never mind/ That’s all right. ü OK. It’s not your fault. | Eg: - Please let me know if there is anything I could do to make up for that. - You really don’t have to apologize. |
7. Sự thông cảm ü I’m sorry to hear that… ü I feel sorry for you. ü I think I understand how you feel. ü You have to learn to accept it. | ü Thank you very much. ü It was very kind/ nice/ thoughtful/ caring/ considerate… of you. | Eg: - I feel sorry for you. - It was very caring of you. |
III. Yêu cầu và xin phép
Câu hỏi | Câu trả lời | Ví dụ |
1. Yêu cầu ü Can/Could/Will/Would you please…? ü Would you mind + V-ing? ü Would it be possible for sb to do …? ü I’d be greateful if you could… | ü Sure/Certainly/Of course. ü No problem. ü I’m afraid I can’t. I’m busy now. ü I don’t think it’s possible. ü Is it OK if I do it later? | Eg: - I’d be grateful if you could lend me your phone. - I’m afraid I can’t. I’m using it. |
2. Xin phép ü May/ Might/ Can/ Could I …? ü Do you mind if I …? ü Is it OK if …? ü Anyone mind if … | ü Sure/ Certainly/ Of course. ü Go ahead./ You can ü I’m afraid you can’t. ü No, not now. | Eg: - May I go out? - No, not now. |
IV. Than phiền hoặc chỉ trích
Câu hỏi | Câu trả lời | Ví dụ |
ü You should have asked for permission first. ü You’re always late/ … ü You shouldn’t have done that. ü You damaged/ …my … | ü I’m terribly sorry. I didn’t mean that. ü I’m sorry but I have no choice. ü Not me! ü I’m sorry but the thing is… | Eg: - You damaged my mobile phone! - Not me! |
V. Bày tỏ quan điểm của người nói
Câu hỏi | Câu trả lời | Ví dụ |
1. Đồng ý/ Không đồng ý - Đưa ra quan điểm người nói về một vấn đề. | - Đồng ý: ü I (totally/ completely/ absolutely) agree with you. ü Exactly!/ That’s true./ That’s it. ü You’re right/ There’s no doubt about it. ü I can’t agree with you more. ü That’s just what I think./ That’s what I was going to say. - Không đồng ý/ Đồng ý một phần: ü You could be right but I think … ü I may be wrong but … ü I see what you mean but I think … ü I don’t quite agree. ü You’re wrong there/ Personally, I think that ... | Eg: - I think Brazil will win World Cup this year. - You’re wrong there. England will make it. |
2. Hỏi và đưa ra ý kiến ü What do you think about …? ü Tell me what you think about … ü What is your opinion about …? ü How do you feel about? | ü In my opinion,/ Personally… ü In my view,… ü It seems to me that … ü As far as I can say … ü I must say that … | Eg: - What do you think about the condition of our national roads? - I must say that although they cost a lot of money, they tear down quite quickly. |
3. Lời khuyên hoặc đề nghị - Người nói đưa ra tình huống xin lời khuyên/ đề nghị. | ü If I were you/ were in your situation/ shoes, I would… ü It’s a good idea to … ü Why don’t you…? ü I would recommend that … ü You should/ had better… | Eg: - I had made a serious mistake. - You had better make an apology as soon as possible. |
4. Lời cảnh báo ü You should/ had better … or/ if not … | ü Thank you/ Thanks. ü I will do it | Eg: - You should wear a safety helmet while riding. - I will do it. |
5. Lời đề nghị giúp đỡ ü Can/ May I help you? ü Let me help you. ü How can I help you? ü Would you like some help?/ Do you need some help? | - Chấp nhận: ü Yes, please. ü That’s great. ü That would be great/ fantastic. - Từ chối: ü No, please. ü No, that’s OK. ü Thanks, but I can manage. | Eg: - Would you like some help? - Thanks, but I can manage. |
BÀI TẬP TỰ LUYỆN
Choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions:
1. - Thank you for taking the time to come here in person.
- __________.
A. It’s my pleasure.
B. I don’t know what time that person comes.
C. Do you have time for some gossip?
D. I’d love to come. What time?
2. - I have a terrible headache.
- _________.
A. Maybe I’m not going to the doctor’s.
B. Not very well. Thanks.
C. Maybe you should take a rest.
D. Not bad. I’m not going to the doctor’s.
3. - Do you want me to help you with those suitcases?
- __________.
A. Of course, not for me.
B. No, I can’t help you now.
C. No, those aren’t mine.
D. No, I can manage them myself.
4. - What does it cost to get to Manchester?
- __________.
A. It’s interesting to travel to Manchester.
B. It depends on how you go.
C. I always go by train.
D. I don’t like to go by train.
5. - ___________.
- Yes. Do you have any shirts?
A. Could you do me a favour?
B. Oh, dear. What a nice shirt!
C. May I help you?
D. White, please.
6. - What’s the best place to eat lunch?
- _________.
A. I’ll have soup, please.
B. There’s a great restaurant at the corner of the street.
C. I usually eat lunch at twelve.
D. Twelve would be convenient.
7. - Maybe you can take a vacation next month.
- ____________.
A. Nothing special.
B. You’re welcome.
C. It’s very expensive.
D. I don’t think so. I’m teaching all summer.
8. - What do you think of your new DVD player?
- __________.
A. I love it.
B. My brother gave it to me.
C. It was a gift from my brother.
D. I always put it there.
9. - How have you been recently?
- ___________.
A. It’s too late now.
B. Pretty busy, I think.
C. By bus, I think.
D. No, I’ll not be busy.
10. - Do you need a knife and a fork?
- ___________.
A. No, I’ll just use a frying pan.
B. No, I’ll just use chopsticks.
C. No, I’ll just use a can opener.
D. No, I’ll use a cooker.
11. - You’re patient with us.
- _________.
A. Thanks, that’s nice of you to say so.
B. Thanks. Have a nice trip.
C. I’m fine, thanks.
D. I know. I have trouble controlling my temper.
12. - Can I try your new camera?
- ________.
A. I’m sorry I can’t. Let’s go now.
B. Sure. I’d love to.
C. Sure. But please be careful with it.
D. I’m sorry. I’m home late.
13. - ____________.
- Yes, about ten cigarettes a day.
A. Do you smoke?
B. What’s the matter?
C. Anything else?
D. Well, you should stop smoking.
14. - How well do you play?
- ____________.
A. Yes, I used to play tennis.
B. I don’t play very often.
C. No, I don’t play very well.
D. Pretty well, I think.
15. - __________.
- No, nothing special.
A. Did you watch the live show last weekend?
B. Did you do anything special last weekend?
C. Did you have a great time last weekend?
D. Did you go anywhere last weekend?
16. - Didn’t you go to the conference?
- _________.
A. No, I went there with my friends.
B. That sounds nice, but I can’t.
C. Don’t worry. I’ll go there.
D. I did, but I didn’t stay long.
17. - _________.
- No, thank you. That’ll be all.
A. What would you like?
B. It’s very kind of you to help me.
C. Would you like anything else?
D. What kind of food do you like?
18. - What was the last present that you received?
- ___________.
A. A fashion hat.
B. It depends on the situation.
C. Several times.
D. I think it’s OK.
19. - Let me drive you home.
- ___________.
A. No problem.
B. Don’t worry. I’m all right.
C. I usually drive home at five.
D. It’s me.
20. - May I leave a message for Ms Davis?
- ____________.
A. I’m afraid she’s not here at the moment.
B. No, she’s not here now.
C. She’s leaving a message to you now.
D. Yes, I’ll make sure she gets it.
21. - Would you like another cup of coffee?
- ____________.
A. Me, too.
B. It’s a pleasure.
C. Very kind of your part.
D. I’d love one.
22. - Your boss looks like the aggressive type.
- ____________.
A. Yes, he really wants to get ahead.
B. Yes, he’s quite gentle.
C. Really? I’ve never seen him lie.
D. Right. He’s so quite.
23. - How can this dress be so expensive?
- ____________.
A. Yes, it’s the most expensive.
B. What an expensive dress!
C. You’re paying for the brand.
D. That’s a good idea.
24. - I get impatient when he teacher doesn’t tell us the answers.
- ___________.
A. Yes, it’s hard to think of the answers.
B. Yes, I wish she’d hurry up.
C. Yes, she should know the answers.
D. Yes, she speaks too quickly.
25. - May I speak to the manager?
- ___________.
A. He always come late. He’s not very well.
B. Thank you. Good bye.
C. I’m afraid he’s not in. Can I take a message?
D. I’m afraid not. He works very hard.
ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT
Câu | Đáp án | Giải thích |
1 | A | - Vế 1 có “thank you” Áp dụng lí thuyết phần II.5 |
2 | C | - Vế 1 đưa ra tình huống cần lời khuyên Áp dụng lí thuyết phần V.3 |
3 | D | - Câu hỏi Yes/ No - Đáp lời là một câu từ chối lịch sự. 2 đáp án B, C từ chối không phù hợp với văn cảnh. |
4 | B | Đáp án A: Câu trả lời cho câu hỏi dạng “What do you think about going to Manchester?” - xin ý kiến. Đáp án C: Câu trả lời cho câu hỏi về phương tiện. Đáp án D: Câu trả lời cho câu hỏi xin ý kiến về phương tiện đi. |
5 | C | Đáp án có “Yes” => Câu trả lời cho câu hỏi “Có- Không” Trong đó chỉ có đáp án C phù hợp văn cảnh. |
6 | B | Hỏi về địa điểm ăn trưa, chỉ có đáp án B đưa ra địa điểm, các đáp án còn lại không phù hợp. |
7 | D | Vế 1 đưa ra ý kiến nên đáp án phải là câu đồng ý/ phản bác ý kiến đó. Đáp án D phản bác ý kiến nêu ở vế 1. |
8 | A | Hỏi về ý kiến đối với món quà, chỉ có đáp án A bày tỏ cảm xúc/ suy nghĩ người nói. |
9 | B | Hỏi về tình hình của người nghe gần đây, chỉ có đáp án B đưa ra được đáp án phù hợp. |
10 | B | “Knife and fork” là dụng cụ để ăn, tương đương với chopsticks. |
11 | A | Đáp án A phù hợp để đáp lời một câu khen. |
12 | C | Đáp án B phù hợp văn cảnh. Vế 1 nhắc đến “new camera” vế 2 có “be careful”. |
13 | A | Câu trả lời có “Yes” => Là lời đáp câu hỏi “Có -Không” |
14 | D | Tạm dịch: “Bạn chơi tốt như thế nào?” “Khá tốt, tôi nghĩ vậy.” |
15 | B | Đáp án nhắc đến “special” nên câu hỏi cũng sẽ có “special”. |
16 | D | Câu hỏi “Có-Không”. Hỏi “Bạn có đi họp không?” (từ “didn’t ở đầu câu không làm thay đổi nghĩa câu hỏi). Chỉ có đáp án A, D phù hợp là câu trả lời câu hỏi “Có-Không”. Đáp án A từ “No” và vế sau mâu thuẫn. Trả lời No - không đi, mà vế sau là “I went …” |
17 | C | Câu hỏi “Có-Không” với trợ động từ “Would” phù hợp với câu trả lời có “No” |
18 | A | Câu hỏi có “What” - cái gì, câu trả lời phải đưa ra đáp án cho “What” |
19 | B | Từ chối lời đề nghị một cách lịch sự. |
20 | D | Câu hỏi xin phép với “May” câu trả lời tương tự với câu trả lời câu hỏi “Có-Không”. |
21 | D | Áp dụng lí thuyết câu mời phần II.2 |
22 | A | “Agressive” có nghĩa là hung hăng, năng nổ đồng nghĩa với “want to get ahead”. |
23 | C | Câu hỏi “How can…” cần một đáp án đưa ra lời giải thích, chỉ có C đưa ra được lí do. |
24 | B | “Impatient” là không kiên nhẫn, có liên quan với “ I wish she’d hurry up” trong câu B. |
25 | C | Tạm dịch: “Tôi có thể nói chuyện với quản lí được không?” “Tôi e là anh ấy hiện không có mặt. Tôi có thể lấy lời nhắn được không?” |
