CÁC DẠNG ĐỘNG TỪ

A: LÍ THUYẾT TRỌNG TÂM

I, GERUND

   1, GERUND thường được sử dụng trong các trường hợp sau:

+ Là chủ ngữ của câu: Reading is the best way to learn new words.

+ Bổ ngữ của động từ: My hobby is cooking.

+ Đi sau giới từ: I'm interesting in learning EN.

+ Sau một vài biển hiệu cấm: No smorking.

   2, GERUND đi sau các động từ khác:

- avoid	tránh
-finish	kết thúc
-end	kết thúc
-complete	hoàn thành
-dread	sợ hãi
-suggest	đề nghị
-deny	phủ nhận
-delay	trì hoãn
-postpone	trì hoãn
-resume	tổng kết
-recall	gợi nhớ
-risk	liều lĩnh
-pardon	xin lỗi
-excuse	xin lỗi
-appreciate	đánh giá cao
-practise	luyện tập
-mind	phiền
-report	báo cáo
-involve	liên quan
-admit	chấp nhận
-miss	bỏ lỡ, nhớ
-imagine	tưởng tượng
-quit	từ bỏ
-keep	giữ
-consider	xem xét
-forgive	tha thứ
-understand	hiểu
-escap	tẩu thoát
-anticipate	mong đợi
-resent	tức giận
-mention	đề cập
-justify	phán xét
-endure	chịu đưng

 

   3, GERUND được sử dụng sau giới từ in, on, at, of, off, for, after, before,....

Ex: After finishing the work, they went home

      She is interested in reading

   4, GERUND dùng sau các động từ chỉ tình cảm yêu/ghét:

+ Yêu: Like, Love, Enjoy, Fancy

+ Ghét: Hate, dislike, loathe,....

   5, GERUND dùng trong các cấu trúc bắt buộc

a) Can't / Couldn't  help/ resist: Không nhịn được, không cưỡng lại được

Ex: I can't help laughing at that fat man

b) Can't / Couldn't stand/bear: Không chịu đựng được

Ex: He talks all the time so I can't stand living give him

c) There is no  point (in) = It's no use/ good: Chẳng ích gì

Ex:  It's no use hanging the washing out when it's raining

d) To have difficulty/ trouble/ problem (in): Gặp khó khăn

Ex: He has problem in walking because he has a broken leg

e) Be busy: Bận rộn

Ex: I'm busy learning 

f) Waste/ Spent st doing st: Lãng phí, tiêu phí cái gì để làm gì

Ex: Don't waste your time playing video game

g) Be worth: Có giá trị, đáng để làm gì.

II, Bare Verb

   1, Được sử dụng sau các động từ khiếm khuyết: 

+ can / could

+ will / would

+ may / might

+ shall / should

+ ought to

+ must

Ex: Can you (show) show me the way to the station?

   2, Sau một số động từ đặc biệt

+ would rather

+ had better

+ have to

+ used to

+ be going to 

Ex: You'd better (go) go home now

   3, Sau 3 động từ bắt buộc : MAKE, HAVE, LET 

Ex: She made me cry

      They didn't  let her go

III, To-Verb:

   1, Dùng to-Verb khi xuất hiện form: S + V + to Vinf

Ex: She begged her father to drive more slowly

   2, Dùng khi xuất hiện form S + be (chia) + adj + to Vinf

Ex: I'm happy to see you again

B: EXERCISE:

1, I want you (clean)..... the room now

2, She spent an hour (type) .... the report

3, The man made the boy (do).... a lot of housework

4, I have difficulty (learn).... English

5, They used to (live)..... in that village

GIẢI CHI TIẾT: 

1, to clean. Vì câu có sử dụng form S + V + O nên sau đó phải có  ''to Vinf''

2, typing. Vì spent st doing st 

3, do. Vì có MAKE trong câu nên bắt buộc dùng bare-Vinf

4, learning. Vì có ''have difficulty'' nên sau đó phải thêm Ving

5, live. Vì used to + Vinf

C: BÀI TẬP TỰ LUYỆN:

1. His plan is (keep).... the affair secret.
2. It is dangerous (lean).... out of the window.
3. You had better (say).... nothing.
4. (Open).... the window!
5. He made me (move)..... my car.
6. You are too young (understand)......
7. No (smoke)......
8. He found that (park)..... was difficult.
9. After (swim)...... I felt cold.
10. Do not (touch)........ these wires.
11. (Collect)....... stamp is her hobby.
12. Please (help)...... me!
13. I found it difficult (park)......
14. There is a lot (be)........ done.
15. (Smoke)...... is forbidden.
16. (Market)....... is a very inexact science.
17. The (market)........ of the product will continue for a few months yet.
18. I'm angry about his (miss)...... the (meet)......
19. I was met by a (welcome)...... party at the airport.
20. Before (leave)........., you need to speak to Sarah.

ĐÁP ÁN

1. His plan is to keep the affair secret.
2. It is dangerous to lean out of the window.
3. You had better say nothing.
4. Open the window!
5. He made me move my car.
6. You are too young to understand.
7. No smoking.
8. He found that parking was difficult.
9. After swimming I felt cold.
10. Do not touch these wires.
11. Collecting stamp is her hobby.
12. Please help me!
13. I found it difficult to park.
14. There is a lot to be done.
15. Smoking is forbidden.
16. Marketing is a very inexact science.
17. The marketing of the product will continue for a few months yet.
18. I'm angry about his missing the meeting.
19. I was met by a welcoming party at the airport.
20. Before leaving, you need to speak to Sarah.

 

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