Cụm động từ (Phrasal verbs)

Kiến thức trọng tâm

Cụm động từ (Phrasal verbs) là một động từ kết hợp với một trạng từ hoặc một giới từ hoặc đôi khi cả hai để tạo thành một từ mới thường có nghĩa đặc biệt, khác với nghĩa của các từ gốc.

Ví dụ:

Lisa switched on the radio

Lisa switched the radio on.

Nhưng nếu chủ thể tác động là “it” thì đại từ phải đứng trước giới từ:

Lisa switched it on.

Không thể dùng: ~~Lisa switched on it.~~

Biết cách sử dụng các phrasal verbs không chỉ giúp bạn nói tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ mà còn tăng hiệu ứng cho câu nói, lôi cuốn người nghe thông qua vốn từ vựng phong phú.

Một số cụm động từ thông dụng:

1	Bear out = confirm The other witnesses will bear out what I say	Xác nhận
2	Bring in = introduce They want to bring in a bill to limit arms exports	Giới thiệu
3	Gear up for = prepare for Cycle organizations are gearing up for National Bike Week.	Chuẩn bị
4	Pair up with = team up with Sally decided to pair up with Jason for the dance contest.	Hợp tác
5	Cut down = reduce We need to cut the article down to 1 000 words.	Cắt giảm
6	Look back on = remember She usually looks back on her childhood.	Nhớ lại
7	Bring up = raise He was brought up by his aunt	Nuôi dưỡng
8	Hold on = wait Hold on a minute while I get my breath back	Chờ đợi
9	Turn down = refuse He has been turned down for ten jobs so far	Từ chối
10	Talk over = discuss They talked over the proposal and decided to give it their approval.	Thảo luận
11	Leave out = not include, omit If you are a student, you can omit questions 16–18.	Bỏ qua
12	Break down The telephone system has broken down.	Đổ vỡ, hư hỏng
13	Put forward = suggest Can I put you forward for club secretary	Đề xuất, gợi ý
14	Dress up There’s no need to dress up—come as you are.	Ăn vận (trang trọng)
15	Stand for ‘The book’s by T.C. Smith.’ ‘What does the ‘T.C.’ stand for?’	Viết tăt cho
16	Keep up = continue Well done! Keep up the good work/Keep it up	Tiếp tục
17	Look after = take care of Who’s going to look after the children while you’re away?	Trông nom, chăm sóc
18	Work out = calculate It’ll work out cheaper to travel by bus.	Tính toán
19	Show up = arrive It was getting late when she finally showed up	Tới, đến
20	Come about = happen Can you tell me how the accident came about	Xảy ra
21	Hold up = stop, delay An accident is holding up traffic	Dừng lại, hoãn lại
22	Call off = cancel The game was called off because of bad weather	Hoãn, Hủy bỏ
23	Look for = expect, hope for We shall be looking for an improvement in your work this term	Trông đợi
24	Fix up = arrange I’ll fix you up with a place to stay.	Sắp xếp
25	Get by = manage to live How does she get by on such a small salary?	Sống bằng
26	Check in Please check in at least an hour before departure.	Làm thủ tục vào cửa
27	Check out Please check out at the reception area	Làm thủ tục ra
28	Drop by (drop in on) I thought I’d drop in on you while I was passing.	Ghé qua
29	Come up with She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.	Nghĩ ra
30	Call up = phone She’s out for lunch. Please call up later	Gọi điện
31	Call on = visit My mother’s friends call upon her everyWednesday	Thăm
32	Think over = consider Let me think over your request for a day or so.	Xem xét, cân nhắc
33	Talk over = discuss They talked over the proposal and decided to give it their approval	Thảo luận
34	Move on Can we move on to the next item on the agenda?	Chuyển sang
35	Go over = examine Go over your work before you hand it in.	Xem xét
36	Put sth down = write sth, make a note of sth The meeting’s on the 22nd. Put it down in your diary.	Ghi chép lại
37	Clear up = tidy I’m fed up with clearing up after you!	Dọn dẹp
38	Carry out = execute Extensive tests have been carried out on the patient.	Tiến hành
39	Break in Burglars had broken in while we were away.	Đột nhập
40	Back up I’ll back you up if they don’t believe you.	Ủng hộ
41	Turn away = turn down They had nowhere to stay so I couldn’t turn them away	Từ chối
42	Wake up = get up Wake up and listen!	Thức dậy
43	Warm up Let’s warm up before entering the main part	Khởi động
44	Turn off They’ve turned off the water while they repair a burst pipe.	Tắt
45	Turn on I’ll turn the television on.	Bật
46	Fall down Many buildings in the old part of the city are falling down.	Xuống cấp
47	Find out I haven’t found anything out about him yet.	Tìm ra
48	Get off We got off straight after breakfast.	Khởi hành
49	Give up They gave up without a fight	Từ bỏ
50	Go up = increase The price of cigarettes is going up	Tăng lên
51	Pick someone up I’ll pick you up at five	Đón ai đó
52	Take up He takes up his duties next week	Bắt đầu một hoạt động mới
53	Speed up Can you try and speed things up a bit?	Tăng tốc
54	Grow up Their children have all grown up and left home now	Lớn lên
55	Catch up with Go on ahead. I’ll catch up with you	Theo kịp
56	Cut off He had his finger cut off in an accident at work.	Cắt bỏ cái gì đó
57	Account for How do you account for the show’s success?	Giải thích
58	Belong to Who does this watch belong to?	Thuộc về
59	Break away The prisoner broke away from his guards.	Bỏ trốn
60	Delight in She delights in walking	Thích thú về

Ví dụ minh họa

Question 1: The president came a lot of criticism for the speech he made in a television interview.

A. in for B. over C. out of D. off

Giải: come in for a lot of criticism: bị nhận rất nhiều lời phê bình

Đáp án A

Question 2: He started the course two months ago but dropped after only a month.

A. in B. back C. out D. off

Giải; drop out: bỏ học giữa chừng

Đáp án C

Question 3: I can’t find my book at the moment. I hope it will up soon.

A. turn B. look C. clear D. come

Giải: turn up: xuất hiện

Đáp án A

Question 4: My team were eager to make the loss of the previous match.

A. off with B. up with C. away with D. up for

Giải: make up for = compensate : đền bù, bồi thường

Đáp án D

Question 5: He applied for the job but was

A. taken away B. got over C. turned down D. turn off

Giải: turn down: từ chối

Đáp án C

Bài tập vận dụng

1. Brian asked Judy________ to dinner and a movie.

A. out B. on C. for D. of

2. My wife backed me _______ over my decision to quit my job.

A. down B. up C. of D. for

3. The racing car _______ after it crashed into the fence.

A. blew out B. blew over C. blew up D. blew down

4. Our car ________ at the side of the highway in the snowstorm.

A. broke into B. broke away C. broke in D. broke down

5. Mike _________ Alaska, so he's used to cold weather.

A. comes over B. comes in C. comes across D. comes from

6. Jane had a difficult childhood. She _______ a broken home.

A. came from B. came over C. came in D. came up with

7. The woman _______ when the police told her that her son had died.

A. broke down B. broke away C. broke in D. broke into

8. Our teacher broke the final project _______ into three separate parts.

A. in B. into C. away D. down

9. Somebody _______ last night and stole our stereo.

A. broke off B. broke in C. broke out D. broke up

10. The firemen had to break _______ the room to rescue the children.

A. off B. up C. out D. into

Đáp án:

1. A

2.B

3.C

4.D

5.D

6.A

7.A

8.D

9.B

10.D

Cụm động từ (Phrasal verbs)

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6. READING COMPREHENSION

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