CÂU MONG ƯỚC
A. LÝ THUYẾT
Cấu trúc
câu mong ước là một trong những cấu trúc được sử dụng phổ biến trong tiếng Anh.
Câu mong ước với “wish” gồm có 3 loại: câu mong ước ở quá khứ, hiện tại và
tương lại.
I. Câu mong ước trong quá khứ:
*Ý nghĩa:
Câu ước ở
quá khứ dùng để diễn tả những mong ước về một sự việc không có thật ở quá khứ,
hay giả định một điều ngược lại so với thực tại đã xảy ra ở quá khứ. Chúng ta sử
dụng câu ước ở qúa khứ để ước điều trái với những gì xảy ra trong quá khứ, thường
là để diễn tả sự nuối tiếc với tình huống ở quá khứ.
*Cấu trúc:
=> S + WISH + S +
COULD HAVE + P2 = IF ONLY+ S + COULD HAVE + P2
=> Động từ ở mệnh đề sau “wish” chia ở thì quá khứ hoàn thành.
*Ví dụ:
• If only
I had gone by taxi. (I didn’t go by taxi).
• I wish I
hadn’t failed my exam last year. (I failed my exam).
• She
wishes she had had enough money to buy the house. (She didn’t have enough money
to buy it).
• If only
I had met her yesterday. (I didn’t meet her).
• She
wishes she could have been there. (She couldn’t be there.)
II. Câu mong ước
ở hiện tại
*Ý nghĩa:
Câu ước ở
hiện tại dùng để diễn tả những mong ước về một sự việc không có thật ở hiện tại,
hay giả định một điều ngược lại so với thực tế.Chúng ta dùng câu ước ở hiện tại
để ước về điều không có thật ở hiện tại, thường là thể hiện sự nuối tiếc về
tình huống hiện tại (regret about present situations).
*Cấu trúc:
=> Động từ ở mệnh đề sau “wish” luôn được chia ở thì quá khứ đơn.
=> Động từ BE được sử dụng ở dạng giả định cách, tức là ta chia BE = WERE với tất cả các chủ ngữ.
*Ví dụ:
• If wish
I were rich. (But I am poor now).
• I can’t
swim. I wish I could swim.
• If only
she were here. (The fact is that she isn’t here).
• We wish
that we didn’t have to go to class today. (The fact is that we have to go to
class today).
*Ý nghĩa:
Câu ước ở
tương lai dùng để diễn tả những mong ước về một sự việc trong tương lai. Chúng
ta sử dụng câu ước ở tương lai với mong muốn ai đó, sự việc gì đó sẽ tốt đẹp
hơn trong tương lai.
*Cấu trúc:
=> IF ONLY + S + would/ could + V (bare-infinitive)
*Ví dụ:
• I wish
you wouldn’t leave your clothes all over the floor.
• I wish I
would be an astronaut in the future.
• If only
I would take the trip with you next week.
• If only
I would be able to attend your wedding next week.
• I wish
they would stop arguing.
*Chú ý:
- Đối với
chủ ngữ ở vế “wish” là chủ ngữ số
nhiều, chúng ta sử dụng “wish”. (Ví dụ: They wish, Many people wish,…).
- Đối với chủ ngữ ở vế “wish” là chủ ngữ số ít, chúng ta sử dụng “wishes”.
(Ví du: He wishes, the boy wishes,…)
- Động từ ở mệnh đề sau ta chia ở dạng
nguyên thể vì đứng trước nó là Modal
verbs “would/could”.
VI. Các cách sử dụng
khác của WISH
- Đôi khi
người ta còn dùng “wish to” theo cách nói hơi mang tính
hình thức để thay cho “want to”.
*Ví dụ:
• I wish
to make a complaint.
• I wish
to see the manager.
- Sử dụng “wish” với một cụm danh từ đứng sau để
đưa ra một lời chúc mừng, mong ước.
*Ví dụ:
• We wish
you a merry Christmas.
• I wish
you all the best in your new job.
- Các bạn
chú ý nhé, nếu các bạn muốn đưa ra một lời mong ước cho người khác bằng cách sử
dụng động từ, các bạn phải dùng “hope” chứ không được
sử dụng “wish” nhé.
*Ví dụ:
• We wish
you the best of luck = We hope you have the best of luck.
• I wish
you a safe and pleasant journey = I hope you have a safe and pleasant journey.
- Phân biệt
với “wish” mang nghĩa “muốn”:
• wish to do smt (Muốn làm gì)
Why do you
wish to see the manager
I wish to
make a complaint.
• to wish smb to do
smt (Muốn ai làm gì)
The government does not wish Dr.Jekyll Hyde to
accept a professorship at a foreign university.
B. BÀI TẬP
Bài 1: Chọn đáp án đúng để hoàn thành câu sau.
1. I
wish I (have/ has/ had) a lot of interesting book.
2. I wish I (would
meet/ met/ meet ) her tomorrow.
3. I
wish I (was/ were/ am) your sister.
4. I
wish they ( won/ had won/ would win) the match last Sunday
5. I
wish they ( played/ playing/ play) soccer well.
6. She
wishes she (will/ would/ can) come
here to visit us.
7. I wish
yesterday ( were /was/had been ) a better day.
8. I wish I
(can speak/ could speak/ will speak)
many languages
9. I wish tomorrow
( were/ will be/ would be) Sunday.
10. I wish
I ( am/ was/ were) a movie star .
Bài 2: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc:
1. I wish
he ……………. here now. (be)
2. She
wishes you ……………. better. (feel)
3. I wish
that you ……………. here yesterday. (be)
4. I wish
he ……………. he work tonight. (finish)
5. We wish
you ……………. tomorrow. (come)
6. She
wishes she ……………. the window last night.
(open)
7. I wish
you ……………. earlier yesterday. (leave)
8. We wish
they ……………. with us last weekend. (come)
9. They
wish he ……………. with them the next day. (come)
10. They
wish we ……………. them some food yesterday. (give)
11. We
wish you ……………. yesterday. (arrive)
12. I wish
I ……………. the answers. (not lose)
13. You
wish you ……………. what to do last year. (know)
14. I wish
that he ……………. us next year. (visit)
15. She
wishes that she ……………. at home now. (be)
16. I wish
I ……………. the news. (hear)
17. You
wish that he ……………. you last week. (help)
18. I wish
I ……………. the subject more interesting. (find)
19. He
always wishes he ……………. rich. (be)
20. The
boy wishes that he ……………. the competition the next day. (win)
Bài 3: Tìm và sửa lỗi sai trong các câu sau.
1. She
wish she could speak English well.
2. I wish
it didn’t rained now.
3. I wish
I was a doctor to save people.
4. I wish
I have more time to look after my family.
5. He
wishes it didn’t rain yesterday.
6. I
wish my father gives up smoking in the
near future.
7. I wish I studied very well last year.
8. I wish
you will come to my party next week.
9. I wish
it stops raining now.
10. I wish
you are my sister.
Bài 4: Viết lại các câu sau sử dụng câu ước với “wish”.
1. I have to study hard.
-> I wish ……………………………………………………………………………….
2. We had a lot of homework yesterday.
-> I wish ……………………………………………………………………………….
3. It is raining heavily.
-> I wish ……………………………………………………………………………….
4. It was cold last night. .
->
I wish ……………………………………………………………………………….
5. She doesn’t join in the trip.
-> I wish ……………………………………………………………………………….
6. I am not good at English.
-> I wish ………………………………………………………………………………
7. He studies badly.
-> I wish ……………………………………………………………………………….
8. He doesn’t like playing sports.
-> I wish ……………………………………………………………………………….
9. I don’t have a computer.
-> I wish ……………………………………………………………………………….
10. Today isn’t a holiday.
-> I wish ……………………………………………………………………………….
11. I can’t sing this song.
-> I wish ……………………………………………………………………………….
12. He was punished by his mother.
-> I wish ……………………………………………………………………………….
13. They won’t come here again.
-> I wish ……………………………………………………………………………….
14. He won’t go swimming with me.
-> I wish ……………………………………………………………………………….
15. We didn’t understand them.
-> We wish ……………………………………………………………………………..
16. I will be late for school.
->
I wish ……………………………………………………………………………….
17. The
bus was late today.
-> I wish ……………………………………………………………………………….
18. She doesn’t like this place.
-> I wish ……………………………………………………………………………….
19. These students talked too much in
class.
-> I wish ……………………………………………………………………………….
20. I can’t play basketball/
-> I wish ……………………………………………………………………………….
*ĐÁP ÁN
Bài 1:
1. had 2. would meet 3. were 4. had won
5. played 6. would 7. had been 8. could speak
9.
would be 10. Were
Bài 2:
1. were 2. felt 3. had been 4. would finish
5. would come 6.
had 7. had left 8. had come
9. would come 10. had
given 11. had arrived 12. had not lost
13. had known 14. would
visit 15. were 16. had heard
17. had helped 18.
found 19.
were 20. would win
Bài 3:
1. wish -> wishes 2.rained -> rain 3. was ->
were
4. have -> had 5. didn’t rain
-> hadn’t rain 6. gives ->
would give
7. studied -> had studied 8. will -> would 9. stops ->
stopped
10. are -> were
Bài 4:
1. I wish
I didn’t have to study.
2. I wish
we hadn’t had a lot of homework yesterday.
3. I wish
it didn’t rain heavily.
4. I wish
it hadn’t been cold last night.
5.I wish
she joined in the trip.
6. I wish
I were good at English.
7. I wish
he didn’t studied badly.
8. I wish
he liked playing sports.
9.I wish I
had a computer.
10. I wish
today were a holiday.
11. I wish
I could sing this song.
12.I wish
he hadn’t been punished by his mother.
13.I wish
they would come here again.
14. I wish
I he would go swimming with me.
15. We
wish we had understood them.
16.I wish
I wouldn’t be late for school.
17. I wish
the bus hadn’t been late today.
18. I wish
she liked this place.
19. I wish
these students hadn’t talked too much in class.
20. I wish
I could play basketball.
