I – Lý thuyết (Theory)
1. Cách dùng (Uses)
+) Diễn tả một sự việc, hành động đã xảy ra và chấm dứt tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ, thường đi với các trạng từ: yesterday, last (week, month, summer…), ago, in + tháng/ năm.
Eg: She worked very hard yesterday.
I was a student 5 years ago.
+) Diễn tả một chuỗi các sự việc liên tiếp xảy ra trong quá khứ, thường là giọng kể lại.
Eg: He came to the door, unlocked it, went to the bed and lay down on it.
+) Diễn tả thói quen trong quá khứ mà hiện tại không còn nữa.
Eg: She used to smoke a lot.
+) Ngoài ra, thì quá khứ đơn còn được dùng trong một số trường hợp như: xảy ra sau quá khứ hoàn thành, trong câu điều kiện loại II, trong câu ước loại II, trong một số cấu trúc như:
- It’s time + QKĐ (đã đến lúc ai đó làm gì)
- I’d rather you + QKĐ (mong muốn bạn làm điều gì)
2. Cấu trúc (Forms)
a) Đối với “to be”
(+) S (we/ you/ they/ số nhiều) + were + N/ adj
S (I/ he/ she/ it/ số ít) + was + N/ adj
(-) S + wasn’t/ weren’t + …
(?) Was/ were + S + …?
Wh_ + was/ were + S + …?
Eg: (+) I was a student 5 years ago.
(-) I wasn’t a student 5 years ago.
(?) Were you a student 5 years ago?
(?) What was your job 5 years ago?
Eg 2: (+) She was thin last year.
(-) She wasn’t thin last year.
(?) Was she thin last year?
(?) How was she last year?
b) Đối với “to do”
(+) S + • V_ed (theo quy tắc)
• V (cột 2 - bảng bất quy tắc)
(-) S + didn’t + V + …
(?) Did + S + V + …?
→ Yes, S + did
No, S + didn’t
(?) Wh_ + did + S + V + …?
Eg 1: (+) My father worked in that company 5 years ago.
(-) My father didn’t work in that company 5 years ago.
(?) Did your father work in that company 5 years ago?
(?) Where did your father work 5 years ago?
Eg 2: (+) I went to Ha Long Bay last week.
(-) I didn’t go to Ha Long Bay last week.
(?) Did you go to Ha Long Bay last week?
(?) Where did you go last week?
c) Đối với Modal V (động từ khuyết thiếu)
can → could
may → might
need → needed
- must → had to
(+) S + had to + V + …
(-) S + didn’t have to + V + …
(?) Did + S + have to + V + …
(?) Wh_ + did + S + have to + V + …
Eg: (+) Tom had to cook yesterday.
(-) Tom didn’t have to cook yesterday.
(?) Did Tom have to cook yesterday?
(?) What did Tom have to do yesterday?
d) Đối với “used to”
(+) S + used to + V + …
(-) S + didn’t + use to + V + …
(?) Did + S + use to + V + …?
(?) Wh_ + S + use to + V +…?
Eg: (+) He used to drink a lot.
(-) He didn’t use to drink a lot.
(?) Did he use to drink a lot?
(?) How did he use to drink?
e) Đối với “be used to”
(+) S + was/ were + used to + V_ing
(-) S + wasn’t/ weren’t + used to + V_ing
(?) Was/ were + S + used to + V-ing?
(?) Wh_ + was/ were + S + used to + V_ing?
Eg: (+) I was used to getting up late.
(-) I wasn’t used to getting up late.
(?) Were you used to getting up late?
(?) How were you used to getting up?
3. Quy tắc thêm “ed”
-) Thông thường → + ed : learned, worked…
-) Tận cùng là phụ âm + y → ied: study → studied
-) Tận cùng là nguyên âm + y → + ed: play → played
-) nếu từ có 1 âm tiết hoặc 2 âm tiết nhưng trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2 mà trước phụ âm cuối chỉ có 1 nguyên âm thì gấp đôi phụ âm cuối rồi thêm “ed”
stop → stopped
rob → robbed
occur → occurred
-) Tận cùng là “w” → không gấp đôi
-) Tận cùng là “e” → + d:
like → liked
love → loved
4. Quy tắc đọc khi thêm “ed”
-) Đuôi /ed/ được phát âm là /t/ khi động từ có phát âm kết thúc là âm vô thanh: /s/, /f/, /p/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/, /k/
Eg: laughed, stopped, watched, missed, cooked…
-) Đuôi /ed/ được phát âm là /id/ khi động từ có phát âm kết thúc là /t/ hay /d/
Eg: wanted, needed
-) Đuôi /ed/ được phát âm là /d/ với những trường hợp còn lại
Eg: robbed, called, learned, played…
II- Bài tập
Bài 1: Chuyển các câu sau sang phủ định và nghi vấn:
1. They flew to New York yesterday.
(-)
(?)
(?)
2. She had to pick her son up at the airport.
(-)
(?)
(?)
3. She was a singer.
(-)
(?)
(?)
4. I could play badminton well when I was young.
(-)
(?)
(?)
5. My father used to be a good swimmer.
(-)
(?)
(?)
6. Daniel was used to running in the morning.
(-)
(?)
(?)
Bài 2: Điền dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc ở thì quá khứ đơn:
1. I and my father (work) in the same company last year.
2. She (not live) here when I (be) small.
3. Why she (not use) my computer when I (go) out?
4. Where you (go) last night?
5. They (study) English in this center two months ago.
6. What the children (do) when they (come) home yesterday?
7. She used to (spend) hours sitting on a boat and doing nothing.
8. How she (travel) to work?
→ She (cycle)
9. He (stop) smoking a month ago.
10. It (take) me two hours to do this exercise and the teacher (give) me mark 10.
Đáp án:
Bài 1:
1. They flew to New York yesterday.
(-) They didn’t fly to New York yesterday.
(?) Did they fly to New York yesterday?
(?) Where did they fly yesterday?
2. She had to pick her son up at the airport.
(-) She didn’t have to pick her son up at the airport.
(?) Did she have to pick her son up at the airport?
(?) What did she have to do at the airport?
3. She was a singer.
(-) She wasn’t a singer.
(?) Was she a singer?
(?) What was her job?
4. I could play badminton well when I was young.
(-) I couldn’t play badminton well when I was young.
(?) Could you play badminton well when you were young?
(?) How could you play badminton when you were young?
5. My father used to be a good swimmer.
(-) My father didn’t use to be a good swimmer.
(?) Did your father use to be a good swimmer?
(?) How did your father use to swim?
6. Daniel was used to running in the morning.
(-) Daniel wasn’t used to running in the morning.
(?) Was Daniel used to running in the morning?
(?) When was Daniel used to running?
Bài 2:
1. I and my father (work) in the same company last year.
worked
2. She (not live) here when I (be) small.
didn’t live was
3. Why she (not use) my computer when I (go) out?
didn’t she use went
4. Where you (go) last night?
did you go
5. They (study) English in this center two months ago.
studied
6. What the children (do) when they (come) home yesterday?
did the children do came
7. She used to (spend) hours sitting on a boat and doing nothing.
spend
8. How she (travel) to work?
did she travel
→ She (cycle)
cycled
9. He (stop) smoking a month ago.
stopped
10. It (take) me two hours to do this exercise and the teacher (give) me mark 10.
took gave
