UNIT 8: STORY OF MY VILLAGE

  1. Từ vựng

Từ vựng

Phát âm

Nghĩa

Ví dụ

Straw

/strɔ:/

(n): rơm

She had little pieces of straw in her hair

Mud

/mʌd/

(n): bùn

The car got stuck in the mud

Brick

/brik/

(n): gạch

The house was made of  bricks

Shortage

/'∫ɔ:tidʒ/

(n): sự túng thiếu, sự thiếu thốn

There’s a shortage of water in the city

Lifestyle

/ˈlaɪf.staɪl/

(n): lối sống

He doesn't have a very healthy lifestyle

Rice field

/'rais 'fi:ld/

(n): cánh đồng lúa

The labourers were at work in the rice fields

Produce

/prə'dju:s/

(v): làm, sản xuất

He works for a company that produces bricks

Make ends meet

/meɪk.end. miːt/

(v): kiếm đủ tiền để sống

It’s not easy to make ends meet with a big family, but somehow we manage

Farming method

/fɑ:miη, 'meθəd/

(n): phương pháp canh tác

This farming method never fails

Knowledge

/ˈnɒl.ɪdʒ/

(n): kiến thức, tri thức

He has a limited knowledge of farming

Lorry

/ˈlɒr.i/  hoặc  /ˈlɔːr.i/

(n): xe tải

The accident was clearly the lorry driver's fault

Suburbs

/'sʌbə:bz/

(n): khu vực ngoại ô

We live in a small house in the suburbs

Atmosphere

/'ætməsfiə/

(n): bầu không khí

I love the fresh and peaceful atmosphere in my village

Enclose

/in'klouz/ hoặc /ɪnˈkləʊz/

(v): gửi kèm

Please enclose a CV with your application.

Resurface

/ˌriːˈsɜː.fɪs/

(v): trải lại, thảm lại (mặt đường)

Expect delays while they resurface the highway

Crossroads

/'krɔsroudz/

(n): giao lộ

At a crossroad, they parted ways

Cart

/kɑ:t/

(v): chở bằng xe bò, xe ngựa kéo.

We carted all the rubbish to the bottom of the garden and burned it.

Community

/kəˈmjuː.nə.ti/

(n): cộng đồng

He's well known in the local community

Result in

/ri'zʌlt.in/

(v): đưa đến, dẫn đến

The fire resulted in damage to their property

Cash crop

/'kæ∫.krɒp/

(n): vụ mùa trồng để bán

 

Bumper crop

/ˈbʌmpə. krɒp/

(n): mùa màng bội thu

 

Flooded

/flʌded/

(adj): bị ngập lụt

The whole town was flooded

Pull down

/pul. daun/

(v): phá bỏ

The building was pulled down last month

Peaceful

/'pi:sfl/

(adj): yên tĩnh

This town is very peaceful before the sunrise and after the sunset

Medical centre

/'medikl,'sentə/

(n): trung tâm y tế

Take him to the medical centre immediately!

Villager

/'vilidʒə/

(n): dân làng

The villagers in here are very friendly and hospitable

Canal

/kə'næl/

(n): kênh

We walked along the canal for a couple of miles

Thanks to

 

(conj): nhờ vào

Thanks to modern technology, we can enjoy our life in the best way

Manage

/'mænidʒ/

(v): giải quyết, xoay xở

I can't manage all this work on my own

 

II.Ngữ pháp: CÂU GIÁN TIẾP / CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT (Reported speech)

1.Định nghĩa

Câu gián tiếp là câu tường thuật lại lời nói của người khác theo ý của người tường thuật và ý nghĩa không thay đổi.

               Eg: “ I don’t like candy” Lan said

                       => Lan said that she didn’t like candy

2.Quy tắc chuyển đổi câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp

         Khi đổi lời nói trực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp chúng ta cần tuân thủ những quy tắc sau về:

+ Động từ tường thuật

+ Thì của lời nói trực tiếp

+ Đại từ

+ Trạng từ chỉ thời gian nơi chốn và một số từ đặc biệt

3. Một số động từ tường thuật thường dùng: say, tell, ask, want to know, request, advise, invite, suggest…

4. Đổi thì

a) Trường hợp không đổi thì:

          - Nếu lời nói trực tiếp ở thì hiện tại đơn, tương lai đơn, hiện tại hoàn thành đơn thì động từ ở mệnh đề tường thuật không đổi thì.

                       Eg: Tuan says: “I’m going to Hanoi”

  • Tuan says that he’s going to Hanoi

- Nếu lời nói trực tiếp ở thì quá khứ nhưng diễn tả một chân lí, sự thật hiển nhiên, một định luật khoa học hay thiên nhiên, một ước muốn,…thì động từ ở mệnh đề tường thuật không đổi thì.

                Eg: Huy said: “The earth goes round the sun.”

                           => Huy said that the earth goes round the sun.

b) Trường hợp đổi thì:

Câu trực tiếp

Câu gián tiếp

Hiện tại đơn

Qúa khứ đơn

Hiện tại tiếp diễn

Qúa khứ tiếp diễn

Hiện tại hoàn thành

Qúa khứ hoàn thành

Qúa khứ đơn

Qúa khứ hoàn thành

Qúa khứ tiếp diễn

Qúa khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn

Qúa khứ hoàn thành

Không đổi

Tương lai đơn (will/shall)

Would/Should

Tương lai gần (be going to)

Was/Were going to

 

5. Đại từ nhân xưng

Đại từ

Câu trực tiếp

Câu gián tiếp

Đại từ nhân xưng

I

 

we

 

you

 

me

 

us

 

you

 

he/she

 

they

 

they/I/he/her

 

him/her

 

them

 

them/me/him/her

Đại từ sở hữu

my

 

our

 

your

 

mine

 

ours

 

yours

her/his

 

their

 

them/my/his/her

 

his/hers

 

theirs

 

theirs/mine/his/hers

 

Đại từ chỉ định

this

 

these

That

 

Those

 

6. Các trang từ chỉ nơi chốn, thời gian

Câu trực tiếp

Câu gián tiếp

Here

There

Now

Then

Today

This day

Ago

Before

Tomorrow

The following day/The next day

The day after tomorrow

Two days after/In two day’s time

Yesterday

The day before/The previous day

The day befor yesterday

Two days before

Next week

The following week

Last week

The week before/The previous week

Last year

The year before/The previous year

 

7. Một số động từ khuyết thiếu:

Câu trực tiếp

Câu gián tiếp

Can

Could

Will

Would

Shall

Should

Must

Had to

May

Might

 

III.Bài tập

Bài 1: Look at the information in brackets and complete the sentences using if or when and a verb in the present simple.

1. (I may see Tom tonight.)   If I see Tom. I’ll tell him the news.

2. (Melanie is coming soon.) …………………………. .. can you let het in, please?

3. (The alarm will ring soon.) …………………………..we all have to leave the building.

4. (I might feel better tomorrow.) ……………………..…..I’ll stop the video.

5. (This film finishes at ten.) ……………………………….I’ll stop the video.

 

Bài 2: Choose the correct answer to complete each sentence.

1. I don’t know why Susan didn’t go to the meeting. She said…………

         A. she will definitely go.                                           B. she was definitely going.

         C. she had definitely gone.                                        D. she is definitely going.

2. The librarian asked us………….so much noise.

         A. don’t make                 B. not make                        C. not making                       D. not to make

3. ‘Whose composition haven’t we heard yet?’

    The teacher asked us to tell her………….

        A. whose composition we haven’t heard yet.               B. whose composition we hadn’t heard yet.

        C. whose composition hadn’t we heard yet.                 D. whose composition we hadn’t heard yet?

4. ‘Today is the happiest day of my life.’

     At the reception last night, the groom said………….

        A. today was the happiest day of my life.                     B. that day was the happiest day of my life.

        C. yesterday was the happiest day of his life.                  D. today is the happiest day of his life.

5. ‘Why don’t you join us for coffee, Don?’

      After the movie, we asked Don………….

        A. would he join us for coffee.                                         B. why he didn’t join us for coffee

        C. to join us for coffee.                                                     D. join us for coffee.

Bài 3:  Complete the sentence to report what was said, using the verb in brackets and a to-infinitive clause. If necessary, add an appropriate object after the verb.

1. ‘Would you like to come on a picnic with us?’ (invite)

=>Jack……………………………………………………………………………………...

2. ‘Please don’t tell anybody what happened.’ (ask)

 =>Lan……………………………………………………………………………………...

3. ‘If you don’t give me a pay rise. I’ll resign.’ (threaten)

=>Elsa……………………………………………………………………………………...

4. ‘Can I borrow your pencil?’ (ask)

 =>Mary ……………………………………………………………………………………...

5. ‘I’ll finish the work by the end of this week.’ (promise)

 =>Hung……………………………………………………………………………………...

Bài 4: Turn each direct speech statement into indirect speech with tense changes

1. ‘I’ve been spending a lot more time with my children.’

=>  He mentioned…………………………………………………………………………

2. ‘I must say that at first I was confused by the question.’

=>  She confessed………………………………………………………………………..

3. ‘You can stay in my house when I am on holiday.’

=> Jim told us……………………………………………………………………………

4. ‘I’ve never worked so hard before.’

=> Our decorator remarked……………………………………………………………

5. ‘I’m sorry I couldn’t come to visit you last summer’

=> Mary said……………………………………………………………………………..

Bài 5: Complete each of the following sentences, using the words given.

  Dear Jane,

1. I/ very pleased/ hear/ you/ be here/ next weekend

…………………………………………………………………………………………...

2. Since/ this/ first/ you/ come/ my house/ you/ have/ difficulty/ find/ the way.

…………………………………………………………………………………………...

3. I/ write/ tell/ how/ get/ my house/ Roston Station.

…………………………………………………………………………………………...

4. Well/ after/ you/ come/ the station/ walk/ Robinson Road.

…………………………………………………………………………………………...

5. Keep/ walk/ past/ market/ office building.

…………………………………………………………………………………………...

6. When/ reach/ Park Road/ turn left/ walk/ past/ school/ your left/ mall/ your right.

…………………………………………………………………………………………...

7. My house/ toward/ end/ Park Road/ opposite/ small park.

…………………………………………………………………………………………...

8. It’ll/ you/ about twenty minutes/ walk/ my house/ station.

…………………………………………………………………………………………...

9. If/ you/ any trouble/ get/ my place/ call/ me/ this phone number 509 45673.

…………………………………………………………………………………………...

10. Look/ see/ you soon.

…………………………………………………………………………………………...

  Love,

 

Đáp án:

Bài 1:

 2. When Melanie comes

3. When the alarm rings

4. If I feel better tomorrow

5. When this film finishes

Bài 2 :

   1 – B      2 – D     3 – B      4 – C       5 – C

Bài 3:

1. Jack invited me/ us to come on a picnic with them.

2. Lan asked me not to tell anybody what happened/ had happened.

3. Elsa threatened to resign (if I didn’t give him a pay rise).

4. Mary asked to borrow my pencil.

5. Hung promised to finish the work by the end of this/ that week.

Bài 4:

1. He mentioned he had been spending a lot more time with his children.

2. She confessed at first she was confused/ had been confused by the question

3. Jim told us (that) we could stay in his house when he was on holiday

4. Our decorator remarked he had never worked so hard before.

5.  Mary said (that) she was sorry she couldn’t come to visit me/ us last summer

Bài 5:

Dear Jane,

1. I’m very pleased to hear that you’ll be here next weekend.

2. Since this is the first time you come to my house, you may have some difficulty finding the way.

3. I’m writing to tell you how to get to my house from Roston Stat.ion.

4. Well, after you come out of the station, walk into Robinson Road.

5. Keep walking past the market and the office building.

6. When you reach Pank Road, turn left and walk past the school on your left and the mail on your right.

7. My house is toward the end of Pank Road, opposite a small park.

8. It’ll take you about twenty minutes to walk to my house from the station.

9. If you have any trouble getting to my place, call me at this phone number: 50945673.

10. Looking forward to seeing you soon.

 Love,

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