UNIT 8: STORY OF MY VILLAGE
- Từ vựng
|
Từ vựng |
Phát âm |
Nghĩa |
Ví dụ |
|
Straw |
/strɔ:/ |
(n): rơm |
She had little pieces of straw in her hair |
|
Mud |
/mʌd/ |
(n): bùn |
The car got stuck in the mud |
|
Brick |
/brik/ |
(n): gạch |
The house was made of bricks |
|
Shortage |
/'∫ɔ:tidʒ/ |
(n): sự túng thiếu, sự thiếu thốn |
There’s a shortage of water in the city |
|
Lifestyle |
/ˈlaɪf.staɪl/ |
(n): lối sống |
He doesn't have a very healthy lifestyle |
|
Rice field |
/'rais 'fi:ld/ |
(n): cánh đồng lúa |
The labourers were at work in the rice fields |
|
Produce |
/prə'dju:s/ |
(v): làm, sản xuất |
He works for a company that produces bricks |
|
Make ends meet |
/meɪk.end. miːt/ |
(v): kiếm đủ tiền để sống |
It’s not easy to make ends meet with a big family, but somehow we manage |
|
Farming method |
/fɑ:miη, 'meθəd/ |
(n): phương pháp canh tác |
This farming method never fails |
|
Knowledge |
/ˈnɒl.ɪdʒ/ |
(n): kiến thức, tri thức |
He has a limited knowledge of farming |
|
Lorry |
/ˈlɒr.i/ hoặc /ˈlɔːr.i/ |
(n): xe tải |
The accident was clearly the lorry driver's fault |
|
Suburbs |
/'sʌbə:bz/ |
(n): khu vực ngoại ô |
We live in a small house in the suburbs |
|
Atmosphere |
/'ætməsfiə/ |
(n): bầu không khí |
I love the fresh and peaceful atmosphere in my village |
|
Enclose |
/in'klouz/ hoặc /ɪnˈkləʊz/ |
(v): gửi kèm |
Please enclose a CV with your application. |
|
Resurface |
/ˌriːˈsɜː.fɪs/ |
(v): trải lại, thảm lại (mặt đường) |
Expect delays while they resurface the highway |
|
Crossroads |
/'krɔsroudz/ |
(n): giao lộ |
At a crossroad, they parted ways |
|
Cart |
/kɑ:t/ |
(v): chở bằng xe bò, xe ngựa kéo. |
We carted all the rubbish to the bottom of the garden and burned it. |
|
Community |
/kəˈmjuː.nə.ti/ |
(n): cộng đồng |
He's well known in the local community |
|
Result in |
/ri'zʌlt.in/ |
(v): đưa đến, dẫn đến |
The fire resulted in damage to their property |
|
Cash crop |
/'kæ∫.krɒp/ |
(n): vụ mùa trồng để bán |
|
|
Bumper crop |
/ˈbʌmpə. krɒp/ |
(n): mùa màng bội thu |
|
|
Flooded |
/flʌded/ |
(adj): bị ngập lụt |
The whole town was flooded |
|
Pull down |
/pul. daun/ |
(v): phá bỏ |
The building was pulled down last month |
|
Peaceful |
/'pi:sfl/ |
(adj): yên tĩnh |
This town is very peaceful before the sunrise and after the sunset |
|
Medical centre |
/'medikl,'sentə/ |
(n): trung tâm y tế |
Take him to the medical centre immediately! |
|
Villager |
/'vilidʒə/ |
(n): dân làng |
The villagers in here are very friendly and hospitable |
|
Canal |
/kə'næl/ |
(n): kênh |
We walked along the canal for a couple of miles |
|
Thanks to |
|
(conj): nhờ vào |
Thanks to modern technology, we can enjoy our life in the best way |
|
Manage |
/'mænidʒ/ |
(v): giải quyết, xoay xở |
I can't manage all this work on my own |
II.Ngữ pháp: CÂU GIÁN TIẾP / CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT (Reported speech)
1.Định nghĩa
Câu gián tiếp là câu tường thuật lại lời nói của người khác theo ý của người tường thuật và ý nghĩa không thay đổi.
Eg: “ I don’t like candy” Lan said
=> Lan said that she didn’t like candy
2.Quy tắc chuyển đổi câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp
Khi đổi lời nói trực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp chúng ta cần tuân thủ những quy tắc sau về:
+ Động từ tường thuật
+ Thì của lời nói trực tiếp
+ Đại từ
+ Trạng từ chỉ thời gian nơi chốn và một số từ đặc biệt
3. Một số động từ tường thuật thường dùng: say, tell, ask, want to know, request, advise, invite, suggest…
4. Đổi thì
a) Trường hợp không đổi thì:
- Nếu lời nói trực tiếp ở thì hiện tại đơn, tương lai đơn, hiện tại hoàn thành đơn thì động từ ở mệnh đề tường thuật không đổi thì.
Eg: Tuan says: “I’m going to Hanoi”
- Tuan says that he’s going to Hanoi
- Nếu lời nói trực tiếp ở thì quá khứ nhưng diễn tả một chân lí, sự thật hiển nhiên, một định luật khoa học hay thiên nhiên, một ước muốn,…thì động từ ở mệnh đề tường thuật không đổi thì.
Eg: Huy said: “The earth goes round the sun.”
=> Huy said that the earth goes round the sun.
b) Trường hợp đổi thì:
|
Câu trực tiếp |
Câu gián tiếp |
|
Hiện tại đơn |
Qúa khứ đơn |
|
Hiện tại tiếp diễn |
Qúa khứ tiếp diễn |
|
Hiện tại hoàn thành |
Qúa khứ hoàn thành |
|
Qúa khứ đơn |
Qúa khứ hoàn thành |
|
Qúa khứ tiếp diễn |
Qúa khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn |
|
Qúa khứ hoàn thành |
Không đổi |
|
Tương lai đơn (will/shall) |
Would/Should |
|
Tương lai gần (be going to) |
Was/Were going to |
5. Đại từ nhân xưng
|
Đại từ |
Câu trực tiếp |
Câu gián tiếp |
|
Đại từ nhân xưng |
I
we
you
me
us
you
|
he/she
they
they/I/he/her
him/her
them
them/me/him/her |
|
Đại từ sở hữu |
my
our
your
mine
ours
yours |
her/his
their
them/my/his/her
his/hers
theirs
theirs/mine/his/hers
|
|
Đại từ chỉ định |
this
these |
That
Those |
6. Các trang từ chỉ nơi chốn, thời gian
|
Câu trực tiếp |
Câu gián tiếp |
|
Here |
There |
|
Now |
Then |
|
Today |
This day |
|
Ago |
Before |
|
Tomorrow |
The following day/The next day |
|
The day after tomorrow |
Two days after/In two day’s time |
|
Yesterday |
The day before/The previous day |
|
The day befor yesterday |
Two days before |
|
Next week |
The following week |
|
Last week |
The week before/The previous week |
|
Last year |
The year before/The previous year |
7. Một số động từ khuyết thiếu:
|
Câu trực tiếp |
Câu gián tiếp |
|
Can |
Could |
|
Will |
Would |
|
Shall |
Should |
|
Must |
Had to |
|
May |
Might |
III.Bài tập
Bài 1: Look at the information in brackets and complete the sentences using if or when and a verb in the present simple.
1. (I may see Tom tonight.) If I see Tom. I’ll tell him the news.
2. (Melanie is coming soon.) …………………………. .. can you let het in, please?
3. (The alarm will ring soon.) …………………………..we all have to leave the building.
4. (I might feel better tomorrow.) ……………………..…..I’ll stop the video.
5. (This film finishes at ten.) ……………………………….I’ll stop the video.
Bài 2: Choose the correct answer to complete each sentence.
1. I don’t know why Susan didn’t go to the meeting. She said…………
A. she will definitely go. B. she was definitely going.
C. she had definitely gone. D. she is definitely going.
2. The librarian asked us………….so much noise.
A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make
3. ‘Whose composition haven’t we heard yet?’
The teacher asked us to tell her………….
A. whose composition we haven’t heard yet. B. whose composition we hadn’t heard yet.
C. whose composition hadn’t we heard yet. D. whose composition we hadn’t heard yet?
4. ‘Today is the happiest day of my life.’
At the reception last night, the groom said………….
A. today was the happiest day of my life. B. that day was the happiest day of my life.
C. yesterday was the happiest day of his life. D. today is the happiest day of his life.
5. ‘Why don’t you join us for coffee, Don?’
After the movie, we asked Don………….
A. would he join us for coffee. B. why he didn’t join us for coffee
C. to join us for coffee. D. join us for coffee.
Bài 3: Complete the sentence to report what was said, using the verb in brackets and a to-infinitive clause. If necessary, add an appropriate object after the verb.
1. ‘Would you like to come on a picnic with us?’ (invite)
=>Jack……………………………………………………………………………………...
2. ‘Please don’t tell anybody what happened.’ (ask)
=>Lan……………………………………………………………………………………...
3. ‘If you don’t give me a pay rise. I’ll resign.’ (threaten)
=>Elsa……………………………………………………………………………………...
4. ‘Can I borrow your pencil?’ (ask)
=>Mary ……………………………………………………………………………………...
5. ‘I’ll finish the work by the end of this week.’ (promise)
=>Hung……………………………………………………………………………………...
Bài 4: Turn each direct speech statement into indirect speech with tense changes
1. ‘I’ve been spending a lot more time with my children.’
=> He mentioned…………………………………………………………………………
2. ‘I must say that at first I was confused by the question.’
=> She confessed………………………………………………………………………..
3. ‘You can stay in my house when I am on holiday.’
=> Jim told us……………………………………………………………………………
4. ‘I’ve never worked so hard before.’
=> Our decorator remarked……………………………………………………………
5. ‘I’m sorry I couldn’t come to visit you last summer’
=> Mary said……………………………………………………………………………..
Bài 5: Complete each of the following sentences, using the words given.
Dear Jane,
1. I/ very pleased/ hear/ you/ be here/ next weekend
…………………………………………………………………………………………...
2. Since/ this/ first/ you/ come/ my house/ you/ have/ difficulty/ find/ the way.
…………………………………………………………………………………………...
3. I/ write/ tell/ how/ get/ my house/ Roston Station.
…………………………………………………………………………………………...
4. Well/ after/ you/ come/ the station/ walk/ Robinson Road.
…………………………………………………………………………………………...
5. Keep/ walk/ past/ market/ office building.
…………………………………………………………………………………………...
6. When/ reach/ Park Road/ turn left/ walk/ past/ school/ your left/ mall/ your right.
…………………………………………………………………………………………...
7. My house/ toward/ end/ Park Road/ opposite/ small park.
…………………………………………………………………………………………...
8. It’ll/ you/ about twenty minutes/ walk/ my house/ station.
…………………………………………………………………………………………...
9. If/ you/ any trouble/ get/ my place/ call/ me/ this phone number 509 45673.
…………………………………………………………………………………………...
10. Look/ see/ you soon.
…………………………………………………………………………………………...
Love,
Đáp án:
Bài 1:
2. When Melanie comes
3. When the alarm rings
4. If I feel better tomorrow
5. When this film finishes
Bài 2 :
1 – B 2 – D 3 – B 4 – C 5 – C
Bài 3:
1. Jack invited me/ us to come on a picnic with them.
2. Lan asked me not to tell anybody what happened/ had happened.
3. Elsa threatened to resign (if I didn’t give him a pay rise).
4. Mary asked to borrow my pencil.
5. Hung promised to finish the work by the end of this/ that week.
Bài 4:
1. He mentioned he had been spending a lot more time with his children.
2. She confessed at first she was confused/ had been confused by the question
3. Jim told us (that) we could stay in his house when he was on holiday
4. Our decorator remarked he had never worked so hard before.
5. Mary said (that) she was sorry she couldn’t come to visit me/ us last summer
Bài 5:
Dear Jane,
1. I’m very pleased to hear that you’ll be here next weekend.
2. Since this is the first time you come to my house, you may have some difficulty finding the way.
3. I’m writing to tell you how to get to my house from Roston Stat.ion.
4. Well, after you come out of the station, walk into Robinson Road.
5. Keep walking past the market and the office building.
6. When you reach Pank Road, turn left and walk past the school on your left and the mail on your right.
7. My house is toward the end of Pank Road, opposite a small park.
8. It’ll take you about twenty minutes to walk to my house from the station.
9. If you have any trouble getting to my place, call me at this phone number: 50945673.
10. Looking forward to seeing you soon.
Love,
